{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:24:40Z","timestamp":1772724280421,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Graduate Program Scholarship from The Graduate School, Kasetsart University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clausena lenis Drake, a valuable medicinal plant in the Rutaceae family, faces threats from wildlife predation, overharvesting, and climate change. In the wild, C. lenis primarily propagates through seeds; however, their rapid loss of viability poses challenges for long-term storage and germplasm conservation. Plant tissue culture offers a practical solution for both its conservation and large-scale production. This study examines seed sterilization, callus induction, shoot multiplication, and root induction protocols for C. lenis. Seeds attained a 100% sterilization rate using 0.2% (w\/v) HgCl2 for 20 min without compromising germination. When cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg\/L 2,4-D, seed, stem-node, and 1-week-old seedling explants produced abundant callus. A 2.0 mg\/L BA treatment achieved 100% shoot induction, with stem-node explants yielding the highest shoot proliferation (3.90 \u00b1 0.31 shoots\/explant), followed by 1-week-old seedlings (2.30 \u00b1 0.21 shoots\/explant) and seed explants (1.60 \u00b1 0.16 shoots\/explant). Rooting was most effective on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 20.0 mg\/L IBA, producing an average of 4.30 \u00b1 0.83 roots per shoot in shoot-tip-deprived explants. The rooted plantlets successfully acclimatized, attaining a 100% survival rate in a 1:1:1 mixture of sterile soil, cocopeat, and vermiculite. These findings provide a robust platform for the sustainable propagation and conservation of C.\u00a0lenis in response to its growing vulnerabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14071123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:36:45Z","timestamp":1743737805000},"page":"1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vitro Propagation of Clausena lenis Drake"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pajaree","family":"Sathuphan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5152-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srunya","family":"Vajrodaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuttha","family":"Sanevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3148-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narong","family":"Wongkantrakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zhang, D.X., Hartley, T.G., and Mabberley, D.J. 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