{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:43:25Z","timestamp":1772603005185,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SNII-445572"},{"name":"SNII-9942"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer is a complex disease due to its high variability and resistance to conventional treatments. The search for new therapies has prompted the study of less invasive natural sources, such as endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants. Bacillus subtilis is known to produce bioactive metabolites with promising pharmacological properties. This study evaluated the antitumor activity of the endophyte B. subtilis from Ibervillea sonorae against murine L5178Y-R lymphoma cells within in vitro and in vivo models. B. subtilis methanol extract was fractionated in hexane, chloroform, and methanol, with the chloroform partition showing the highest tumor cell growth inhibition (IC50 = 34.62 \u00b1 0.180 \u00b5g\/mL) and the highest selectivity index (SI = 15.53) when compared with the hexane and methanol partitions. The in vivo study showed that mice treated with 10 mg\/kg of the chloroform partition significantly (p &lt; 0.01) reduced the tumor volume and weight without affecting tumor-free body weight. The maximum tolerated dose test indicated that 10 mg\/kg was safe and well tolerated. These results indicate that B. subtilis may be a promising source of selective antitumor compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14101474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:22:17Z","timestamp":1747225337000},"page":"1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of a Chloroform Partition from Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) Greene Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6153-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Romero-Arguelles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4013-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Romo-S\u00e1enz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Tamez-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Fonseca-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2954-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Elizondo-Luevano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Rodriguez-Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Salamanca Biomedical Research Institute-Tropical Diseases Research Centre of the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), School of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orquidea","family":"P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Qui\u00f1ones-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5673-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Arzate-Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9518-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gomez-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Stewart, B.W., and Kleihues, P. 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