{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:31:43Z","timestamp":1779888703043,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)"},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Caf\u00e9 (INCT)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soybean is one of the main agricultural commodities, and its productivity is limited by several diseases, such as anthracnose, which is caused by a complex of fungal species, with Colletotrichum truncatum being the most prevalent. Management is mainly carried out through chemical seed treatment. However, a reduction in the sensitivity of C. truncatum to fungicides was observed. Therefore, it is extremely important to search for products that are effective in controlling the disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of commercial formulations of copper, potassium, manganese, and zinc phosphites in the treatment of soybean seeds infected by C. truncatum, as well as their direct fungitoxicity and ability to induce soybean defense mechanisms. For this purpose, seeds inoculated with C. truncatum were subjected to phosphites and a fungicide (carbendazim + thiram). The seeds were exposed to germination, health, and vigor tests. Fungal toxicity and the ability of phosphites to induce defense through the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes, as well as the levels of lignin and total soluble phenols, were also evaluated. Mn and Zn phosphites showed direct toxicity to C. truncatum and were as effective as the fungicide (carbendazim + thiram) in treating soybean seeds infected by the fungus. Mn phosphite induced the production of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and lignin, while Zn phosphite increased the production of CAT and POX. These results demonstrate the efficacy of Mn and Zn phosphites in controlling C. truncatum in infected soybean seeds, their direct toxic action, and their ability to induce resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14101494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T06:57:28Z","timestamp":1747378648000},"page":"1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phosphite Compounds Suppress Anthracnose in Soybean Seeds Infected by Colletotrichum truncatum and Stimulate Growth and Defense Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Manoel Batista","family":"da Silva J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio L\u00facio Vilela","family":"de Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2813-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edson Amp\u00e9lio","family":"Pozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Ribeiro Maia","family":"de Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo C\u00e9sar Dias","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5265-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayne Deboni","family":"da Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Marques","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Formiga, Formiga 35574-530, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5505-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Costa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2023.113679","article-title":"A novel Greenness and Water Content Composite Index (GWCCI) for soybean mapping from single remotely sensed multispectral images","volume":"295","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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