{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:33:39Z","timestamp":1790224419089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie","award":["AUF ECO 2024 DRECO-8591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUF ECO 2024 DRECO-8591"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Erica spiculifolia Salisb. (formerly Bruckenthalia spiculifolia Benth.) (Balkan heath) is renowned for its traditional usage as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. For the first time, acylquinic acids, flavonoids and numerous proanthocyanidin oligomers were annotated\/dereplicated by liquid chromatography\u2013high-resolution mass spectrometry in methanol\u2013aqueous extracts from E. spiculifolia aerial parts harvested at the early and full flowering stage. Chlorogenic acid and proanthocyanidin tetra- and trimer A, B-type together with quercitrin and (+) catechin were the predominant compounds in the semi-quantitative analysis. Neutral triterpenoids, triterpenoid acids and phytosterols were determined in apolar extracts by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Triterpenoid acids accounted for 80% of the total triterpenoid content, dominated by ursolic and oleanolic acid, reaching up to 32.2 and 6.1 mg\/g dw, respectively. Ursa\/olean-2,12-dien-28-oic acids and 3-keto-derivatives together with \u03b1-amyrin acetate as a chemotaxonomic marker, \u03b1-amyrenone, \u03b1- and \u03b2-amyrin were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 83.85 \u00b1 0.89 mg gallic acid equivalents\/g and 78.91 \u00b1 0.41 mg rutin equivalents\/g, respectively. The extract actively scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals (540.01 and 639.11 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)\/g), possessed high potential to reduce copper and iron ions (660.32 and 869.22 mg TE\/g, respectively), and demonstrated high metal chelating capacity (15.57 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equivalents\/g). It exhibited prominent anti-lipase (18.32 mg orlistat equivalents\/g) and anti-tyrosinase (71.90 mg kojic acid equivalents\/g) activity. The extract inhibited \u03b1-glucoside (1.35 mmol acarbose equivalents\/g) and acetylcholinesterase (2.56 mg galanthamin equivalents\/g), and had moderate effects on \u03b1-amylase, elastase, collagenase and hyaluronidase. Balkan heath could be recommended for raw material production with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14111648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T12:28:42Z","timestamp":1748435322000},"page":"1648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Erica spiculifolia Salisb. (Balkan Heath): A Focus on Metabolic Profiling and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reneta","family":"Gevrenova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Szakiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezary","family":"P\u0105czkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Zengin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inci","family":"Kurt-Celep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u0130stanbul Okan University, Tuzla, \u0130stanbul 34940, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Stefanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1952-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrina","family":"Zheleva-Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2024.100697","article-title":"Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of Erica Genus (L.) 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