{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:55:40Z","timestamp":1785297340488,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha\u2019il-Saudi Arabia","award":["RCP-24 099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCP-24 099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plantago ovata has been utilized as an effective natural remedy with minimal side effects, offering a promising alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals. The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Plantago ovata leaves yielded 0.417 g and 0.532 g at 40 \u00b0C and 80 \u00b0C, respectively. The 40 \u00b0C extract exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 15.62 \u00b5g\/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) as low as 31.25 \u00b5g\/mL against Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. In contrast, the 80 \u00b0C extract demonstrated reduced activity, with MICs and MBCs up to 250 and 500 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The 40 \u00b0C extract also showed superior lipase inhibition (IC50 = 17.21 \u00b5g\/mL) compared to the 80 \u00b0C extract (IC50 = 26.42 \u00b5g\/mL), although orlistat remained the most potent (IC50 = 6.02 \u00b5g\/mL). In addition, cytotoxicity assays revealed stronger effects of the 40 \u00b0C extract on Caco-2 colon cancer cells (IC50 = 109.47 \u00b5g\/mL) compared to the 80 \u00b0C extract (IC50 = 174.81 \u00b5g\/mL). These results suggest that the lower-temperature SFE of P. ovata yields extracts with enhanced antimicrobial, anti-obesity, and anticancer activities, supporting its potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14121813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T11:47:07Z","timestamp":1749728827000},"page":"1813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Plantago ovata Bioactive Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction as Influenced by Temperature on Anti-Obesity, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3068-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Husam","family":"Qanash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5884-0278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman S.","family":"Bazaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naif K.","family":"Binsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirah S.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Eltayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, B.N., Jorry, R., Abori, N., Silas, V.D., Okely, A.D., and Pomat, W. 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