{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:31:14Z","timestamp":1780633874398,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Fund on Technology Innovation of Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province","award":["BE2022306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022306"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund on Technology Innovation of Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province","award":["LYKJ [2022]02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LYKJ [2022]02"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Promotion Project","award":["BE2022306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022306"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Promotion Project","award":["LYKJ [2022]02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LYKJ [2022]02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modified biochar can effectively improve the quality and environment of coastal saline\u2013alkali soil, but its effects on the growth and development of halophytes and its mechanism are still unclear. This study systematically evaluated the growth-promoting effects and preliminary mechanisms of H3PO4-modified biochar (HBC) and H3PO4\u2013kaolinite\u2013biochar composite (HBCK) on the economically important halophyte Kosteletzkya virginica. The results demonstrated that the application of HBC\/HBCK significantly enhanced plant growth, resulting in increases of over 55% in plant height and greater than 100% in biomass relative to the control. Multidimensional mechanistic analysis revealed the following: (1) accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) increased by at least 40%, significantly enhancing nutrient uptake; (2) increases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) by over 100% and 70%, respectively, markedly boosting antioxidant capacity and effectively alleviating oxidative stress; (3) molecular regulation via the activation of transcription factor networks (HSP, MYB, TCP, AP2\/ERF, bZIP, and NLP) and modulation of key genes in ABA, BR, and JA signaling pathways (CYP707A, CYP90, and OPR2), establishing a multi-layered stress adaptation and growth promotion system. Beyond assessing the growth-promoting effects of modified biochars, this study provides novel insights into the regulatory transcription factor networks and phytohormone signaling pathways, offering theoretical foundations for the molecular design of biochars for saline\u2013alkali soil remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14121849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T06:40:27Z","timestamp":1750056027000},"page":"1849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Different Modified Biochars on Growth of Kosteletzkya virginica and Corresponding Transcriptome Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8312-7650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedicine and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133904","article-title":"Amelioration effects of coastal saline-alkali soil by ball-milled red phosphorus-loaded biochar","volume":"431","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2017.06.010","article-title":"Characterization of soil salinization in typical estuarine area of the Jiaozhou Bay, China","volume":"103","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. 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