{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:54:18Z","timestamp":1789390458591,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the first comprehensive characterization of Brazilian propolis residue, revealing its rich content of bioactive compounds, essential nutrients, and volatile substances, showcasing its potential for sustainable utilization. The term \u201cresidue\u201d refers to the solid by-product remaining after ethanolic extraction of raw propolis, which is typically discarded, despite retaining significant nutritional value. HPLC-ESI-MS\/MS analysis identified significant concentrations of p-coumaric acid (637.80 mg\/kg), chlorogenic acid (497.93 mg\/kg), kaempferol (295.82 mg\/kg), and caffeic acid (115.11 mg\/kg); while HPLC-DAD revealed also artepillin-C (56.56 mg\/kg), illustrating strong antioxidant properties. Nutritional analyses showed high moisture content (37.08%), protein (12.56%) and dietary fiber (24.2%). Additionally, the mineral profile highlighted potassium (9800 mg\/kg), phosphorus (2520 mg\/kg), and calcium (2100 mg\/kg). Volatile compounds analysis via HS-SPME-GC-MS identified a diverse class of components, predominantly terpenoids such as \u03b1-pinene (20.09%) and caryophyllene (9.76%), suggesting potential applications in fragrance and flavor industries. The multifunctional nature of propolis residue aligns with circular economy principles and highlights its value as a resource for diverse applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14131989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1751259637000},"page":"1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Valorizing Brazilian Propolis Residue: Comprehensive Characterization for Sustainable Reutilization Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0497-8386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnese","family":"Santanatoglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9\/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Coffee Hub, Via Emilio Betti 1, 62020 Belforte del Chienti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4158-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Acquaticci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9\/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8065-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Marcucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, ICT-Unesp, Sao Jose dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1375-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9\/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8634-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Rocha","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gap Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sao Jose dos Campos 12243-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos 12331-280, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5530-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Caprioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9\/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2018.07.007","article-title":"The phytochemistry of the honeybee","volume":"155","author":"Bankova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikeda, N.Y., Ambrosio, C.M., Miano, A.C., Rosalen, P.L., Gloria, E.M., and Alencar, S.M. 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