{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:39:47Z","timestamp":1792103987446,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizontal project","award":["20240239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240239"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interactive effects between nano-silicon dioxide (n-SiO2) and elevated CO2 (eCO2; 645 ppm) on soybean physiology, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient dynamics under climate stress remain underexplored. This study elucidates their combined effects under ambient (aCO2; 410 ppm) and eCO2 conditions. eCO2 + n-SiO2 synergistically enhanced shoot length (30%), total chlorophyll (112.15%), and photosynthetic rate (103.23%), alongside improved stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 (17.19%), optimizing carbon assimilation. Nodulation efficiency increased, with nodule number and biomass rising by 48.3% and 53.6%, respectively, under eCO2 + n-SiO2 versus aCO2. N-assimilation enzymes (nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase) surged by 38.5\u201352.1%, enhancing nitrogen metabolism. Concurrently, phytohormones (16\u201321%) and antioxidant activities (15\u201322%) increased, reducing oxidative markers (18\u201322%), and bolstering stress resilience. Nutrient homeostasis improved, with P, K, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn elevating in roots (13\u201341%) and shoots (13\u201317%), except shoot Fe and Zn. These findings demonstrate that n-SiO2 potentiates eCO2-driven benefits, amplifying photosynthetic efficiency, nitrogen fixation, and stress adaptation through enhanced biochemical and nutrient regulation. This synergy underscores n-SiO2 role in optimizing crop performance under future CO2-rich climates, advocating nano-fertilizers as sustainable tools for climate-resilient agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14132009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T12:10:31Z","timestamp":1751285431000},"page":"2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Silicon Nanoparticles Alter Soybean Physiology and Improve Nitrogen Fixation Potential Under Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01967","article-title":"Varying response of the concentration and yield of soybean seed mineral elements, carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, protein, and oil to phosphorus starvation and CO2 enrichment","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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