{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:15:44Z","timestamp":1791522944211,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022B03020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B03020"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022TSYCLJ0049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCLJ0049"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["PZ-20200929166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ-20200929166"]}]},{"name":"Leading Talents in Technological Innovation Program","award":["2022B03020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B03020"]}]},{"name":"Leading Talents in Technological Innovation Program","award":["2022TSYCLJ0049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCLJ0049"]}]},{"name":"Leading Talents in Technological Innovation Program","award":["PZ-20200929166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ-20200929166"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovative Development of Uzbekistan","award":["2022B03020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B03020"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovative Development of Uzbekistan","award":["2022TSYCLJ0049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCLJ0049"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovative Development of Uzbekistan","award":["PZ-20200929166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ-20200929166"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant species harbor diverse rhizospheric bacteria within their resilient root zones, serving as a valuable reservoir of bioactive microorganisms with strong potential for natural antifungal and plant growth-promoting applications. This study aimed to investigate the antagonistic potential of Bacillus zhangzhouensis, isolated from Zygophyllum oxianum in the Aral Sea region, Uzbekistan, against the fungal pathogen Cytospora mali. Due to its strong antifungal activity, B. zhangzhouensis was selected for bioactive compound profiling. Methanolic extracts were fractionated via silica and Sephadex gel chromatography, followed by antifungal screening using the agar diffusion method. A highly active fraction (dichloromethane\/methanol, 9:1) underwent further purification, yielding twelve antifungal sub-fractions. Mass spectrometry analysis across positive and negative ion modes identified 2475 metabolites, with polar solvents\u2014particularly methanol\u2014enhancing compound recovery. Refinement using Bacillus-specific references identified six known antibiotics. Four pure compounds were isolated and structurally characterized using NMR: oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, cyclo-(Pro-Ser), and uracil. Their growth regulatory activity was assessed on Amaranthus retroflexus, Nicotiana benthamiana, triticale, and Triticum aestivum at concentrations of 5, 20, 100, and 500 mg L\u22121. All compounds negatively affected root growth in a concentration-dependent manner, especially in monocots. Interestingly, some treatments enhanced stem growth, particularly in N. benthamiana. These findings indicate that B. zhangzhouensis produces diverse bioactive compounds with dual antifungal and plant growth-modulatory effects, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent and a source of natural bioactive compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14132058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T11:20:11Z","timestamp":1751628011000},"page":"2058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus zhangzhouensis from Zygophyllum oxianum and Their Antifungal and Plant Growth-Regulating Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zokir O.","family":"Toshmatov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources and Stress Biology, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1843-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazliddin A.","family":"Melikuziev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources and Stress Biology, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6606-2737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilkham S.","family":"Aytenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources and Stress Biology, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u2019ruf Z.","family":"Isokulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources and Stress Biology, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulnaz","family":"Kahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tohir A.","family":"Bozorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources and Stress Biology, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5026-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abduraimov, O.S., Li, W., Shomurodov, H.F., and Feng, Y. 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