{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:00:49Z","timestamp":1792252849263,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["BR24993004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR24993004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheum cordatum Losinsk is a plant species distributed in Kazakhstan but remains relatively understudied despite its promising biological potential. The present study aimed to explore leaf extracts of R. cordatum by utilizing advanced green extraction technologies including supercritical CO2 (ScCO2), subcritical ethanol (Sc) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to characterize their phytochemical composition and evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. A total of 53 phytochemical compounds were identified, with gallic acid (30.71 \u00b5g\/mg UAE-EtOH-4h), rutin (21.93 \u00b5g\/mg ScCO2-150) and hesperidin (14.98 \u00b5g\/mg ScCO2-150) being notably abundant. Among the tested extracts, ScCO2 extraction at 150 bar (ScCO2-150) demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.0132 mg\/mL (DPPH) and 0.0462 mg\/mL (ABTS), coupled with the highest total phenolic content (140 mg GAE\/g). Moreover, the ScCO2-150 extract showed pronounced antimicrobial efficacy, particularly against Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 125 to 250 \u00b5g\/mL. These findings highlight the considerable potential of R. cordatum leaves as a valuable, abundant and sustainable source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, with supercritical CO2 extraction presenting substantial advantages in selectively obtaining bioactive phytochemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14152314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1753689444000},"page":"2314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bioactive Potential of Rheum cordatum Losinsk. Leaf Extracts: Phytochemical Insights from Supercritical CO2, Subcritical Ethanol and Ultrasound-Assisted Extractions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8179-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madina","family":"Amangeldinova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ersat\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"K\u00fcce Cevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Arts, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63290, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Abdullah","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguz","family":"Cak\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Atat\u00fcrk Faculty of Health Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataliya","family":"Kudrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-1552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aizhan","family":"Mussayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur","family":"Kulmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3176-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Terletskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63290, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-00370-6","article-title":"What we already know about rhubarb: A comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. 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