{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:54Z","timestamp":1760060154723,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 113-2381-C-038-081-B","NSTC 113-2320-B-038-041-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2381-C-038-081-B","NSTC 113-2320-B-038-041-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of a homogenized, viscous vegetable (VV) mixture prepared from mucilaginous vegetables, with a focus on modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in mice fed with a high-fat (HF) diet. The VV mixture was formulated by blending freeze-dried powders of ten mucilaginous vegetables, classified as moderately thick using a line-spread test and extremely thick according to the IDDSI framework in a 1:9 ratio (VV mixture: water, w\/w). Six-week-old male C57BL\/6 mice were fed control or HF diets, with or without 10% VV mixture for 8 weeks (n = 7 per group). The HF diet induced significant weight gain, adipose tissue accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. The HF diet also significantly reduced hepatic ACO1, CPT1 mRNA expression, and \u03b1-diversity with distinct fecal microbiota profiles. On the other hand, VV mixture supplementation reduced serum TC, LDL-C levels and NAFLD scores. VV mixture supplementation also increased hepatic ACO1 and CPT1 mRNA expression, enhanced \u03b1-diversity, and enriched SCFA-producing bacteria, particularly the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group. In conclusion, the VV mixture attenuated HF diet-induced obesity, possibly through its high viscosity\u2013mediated effects on hepatic fatty acid oxidation and gut microbiota modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14162510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T15:51:02Z","timestamp":1755013862000},"page":"2510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut\u2013Liver Axis-Mediated Anti-Obesity Effects and Viscosity Characterization of a Homogenized Viscous Vegetable Mixture in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yu-An","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsiu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu-Chi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8245-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiu-Li","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyh-Hsiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuh-Ting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Medgaea Life Science Ltd., New Taipei City 351007, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Health Medical Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suh-Ching","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2023.01.004","article-title":"Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut Microbiota","volume":"52","author":"Barber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol. 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