{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:56:39Z","timestamp":1760648199919,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNRST"},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education"},{"name":"National Agency for Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of Taounate"},{"name":"Presidency of Mohammed First University"},{"name":"University of Lille"},{"name":"CPER BiHauts Eco de France"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wild blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) is a culinary and medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments, including hypertension. This study evaluated the vasorelaxant effects of five crude leaf extracts of R. ulmifolius (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous), as well as the hypotensive and antioxidant activities of its methanolic extract (MERu), and analyzed its phytochemical profile. Crude extracts, obtained using a Soxhlet apparatus, were tested in vitro on isolated rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine. The hypotensive effect of MERu was examined in vivo in normotensive rats, and its antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Total phenolic and tannin contents were quantified by the Folin\u2013Ciocalteu and hide powder methods, respectively, while UHPLC-MS was used to identify its phytochemicals. All crude extracts induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation, with MERu showing the strongest effect (59.31% relaxation at 10\u22121 g\/L). Intravenous MERu induced significant blood pressure reductions in rats, starting at 1 mg\/kg. At 20 mg\/kg, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures dropped by 38.61%, 51.58%, and 45.19%, respectively. MERu also demonstrated potent antioxidant activity and was rich in polyphenols, particularly tannins. Sixteen compounds were identified, notably rubanthrone A, a galloyl-bis-HHDP glucose derivative, ellagic acid, and quercetin-3-O-\u03b2-D-glucuronide. These results suggest that R. ulmifolius may have therapeutic potential for hypertension and exhibits promising characteristics as a functional food.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14162513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T15:51:02Z","timestamp":1755013862000},"page":"2513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cardiovascular Effects, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemical Analysis of Rubus ulmifolius Schott Leaves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Afaf","family":"Mehiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco"},{"name":"BioEcoAgro Joint Cross-Border Research Unit 1158, University of Lille, INRAE, University of Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, JUNIA, University of Artois, University of Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, Cit\u00e9 Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5161-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaimae","family":"Alla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6339-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zach\u00e9e Louis Evariste","family":"Akissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioEcoAgro Joint Cross-Border Research Unit 1158, University of Lille, INRAE, University of Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, JUNIA, University of Artois, University of Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, Cit\u00e9 Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7728-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikram","family":"Dib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Hassani Hospital, Nador 62000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanae","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Berraaouan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassane","family":"Mekhfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3220-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelkhaleq","family":"Legssyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6384-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abderrahim","family":"Ziyyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevser","family":"Sahpaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioEcoAgro Joint Cross-Border Research Unit 1158, University of Lille, INRAE, University of Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, JUNIA, University of Artois, University of Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, Cit\u00e9 Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan, J., Kurschat, C., and Reuter, H. (2018). Arterial hypertension: Diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int., 115.","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2018.0557"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026","article-title":"2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines","volume":"75","author":"Unger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.008","article-title":"Prevention and control of hypertension: JACC health promotion series","volume":"72","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","article-title":"The global epidemiology of hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17741-1","article-title":"Global burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data","volume":"365","author":"Kearney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18884","article-title":"How to improve awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Africa, and how to reduce its consequences: A call to action from the World Hypertension League","volume":"79","author":"Parati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003563","article-title":"Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Charchar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200202020-00002","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs: An overview","volume":"2","author":"Ram","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiovasc. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano, B., Lucariello, G., and Capasso, R. (2021). Topical collection pharmacology of medicinal plants. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010101"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, L.P., Pereira, E., Prieto, M.A., Simal-Gandara, J., Pires, T.C., Alves, M.J., Calhelha, R., Barros, L., and Ferreira, I.C. (2019). Rubus ulmifolius Schott as a novel source of food colorant: Extraction optimization of coloring pigments and incorporation in a bakery product. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112181"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"249","article-title":"Nutritional and bioactive properties of Rubus ulmifolius Schott (blackberry): A review","volume":"41","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Dairy Food Res."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethnobotanical investigation of herbal food additives of Morocco used as natural dyes","volume":"21","author":"Drioiche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethnobot. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salhi, S., Fadli, M., Zidane, L., and Douira, A. (2010). \u00c9tudes floristique et ethnobotanique des plantes m\u00e9dicinales de la ville de K\u00e9nitra (Maroc). Mediterr. Bot., 31.","DOI":"10.5209\/rev_LAZA.2010.v31.9"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00012-6","article-title":"Ethnobotanical studies and economic evaluation of medicinal plants in Taounate province (northern Morocco)","volume":"86","author":"Hmammouchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Central High Atlas, Morocco \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625 \u062b\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628","volume":"20","author":"Belhaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethnobot. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaachouay, N., Azeroual, A., Bencharki, B., and Zidane, L. (2022). Herbal medicine used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the Rif, north of Morocco. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.921918"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8770","DOI":"10.4314\/jab.v93i1.10","article-title":"\u00c9tude floristique et ethnobotanique de la flore m\u00e9dicinale dans la r\u00e9gion du Gharb, Maroc","volume":"93","author":"Bouayyadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants in the Djurdjura National Park and its influence area, Algeria","volume":"20","author":"Meddour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethnobot. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethnomedical knowledge and traditional uses of aromatic and medicinal plants of the Wetlands Complex of the Guerbes-Sanhadja Plain (wilaya of Skikda in northeastern Algeria)","volume":"4","author":"Hamel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Herbal Med."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"655","article-title":"First ethnobotanical study relating to usage of medicinal plants in province of Ain Defla region, south-west of Algeria","volume":"49","author":"Kaci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"40","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of Belezma National Park (BNP) plants in Batna: East of Algeria","volume":"6","author":"Chohra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Nat."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.01.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori strains and antioxidant properties of blackberry leaves (Rubus ulmifolius) and isolated compounds","volume":"34","author":"Martini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabarki, S., Aouadhi, C., Mechergui, K., Hammi, K.M., Ksouri, R., Raies, A., and Toumi, L. (2017). Comparison of phytochemical composition and biological activities of Rubus ulmifolius extracts originating from four regions of Tunisia. Chem. Biodivers., 14.","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201600168"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bramki, A., Benouchenne, D., Salvatore, M.M., Benslama, O., Andolfi, A., Rahim, N., Moussaoui, M., Ramoul, S., Nessah, S., and Barboucha, G. (2024). In vitro and in silico biological activities investigation of ethyl acetate extract of Rubus ulmifolius Schott leaves collected in Algeria. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13233425"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehiou, A., Lucau-Danila, A., Akissi, Z.L., Alla, C., Bouanani, N., Legssyer, A., Hilbert, J.-L., Sahpaz, S., and Ziyyat, A. (2025). Nutrigenomic insights and cardiovascular benefits of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott.) and mugwort (Artemisia campestris L.). Exp. Physiol., 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1113\/EP092218"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.1003187","article-title":"Antiviral properties from plants of the Mediterranean flora","volume":"29","author":"Sanna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2012.03273.x","article-title":"Antifungal activity of Moroccan medicinal plants against citrus sour rot agent Geotrichum candidum","volume":"55","author":"Talibi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"37","article-title":"Rubus ulmifolius leaf extract inhibits proliferation of murine myeloma cells","volume":"6","author":"Triggiani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Aromat. Plant Sci. Biotechol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, N., Shaoib, M., Shah, S.W.A., Shah, I., and Shuaib, M. (2017). Pharmacological profile of the aerial parts of Rubus ulmifolius Schott. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1564-z"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-017-0293-9","article-title":"Pharmacological effect of Rubus ulmifolius Schott as antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced albino mice","volume":"60","author":"Akhtar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"National Research Council (NRC) (2011). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00012-2","article-title":"Three anthrones from Rubus ulmifolius","volume":"59","author":"Flamini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00363-4","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and isolated constituents of Rubus ulmifolius","volume":"79","author":"Panizzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/18785093241283261","article-title":"Rubus ulmifolius schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects","volume":"14","author":"Mehiou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Berry Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy023","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension","volume":"114","author":"Touyz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2012.00606.x","article-title":"Impaired vasodilation in the pathogenesis of hypertension: Focus on nitric oxide, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors, and prostaglandins","volume":"14","author":"Giles","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of Tetraclinis articula in relation to its vasorelaxant property","volume":"5","author":"Zidane","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2019.01.006","article-title":"Chenopodium ambrosioides induces an endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat isolated aorta","volume":"17","author":"Assaidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00626.2005","article-title":"Direct vasoactive and vasoprotective properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts","volume":"100","author":"Bell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cebov\u00e1, M., Klimentov\u00e1, J., Janega, P., and Pech\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1, O. (2017). Effect of bioactive compound of Aronia melanocarpa on cardiovascular system in experimental hypertension. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2017.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8156594"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512003911","article-title":"Blueberry intervention improves vascular reactivity and lowers blood pressure in high-fat-, high-cholesterol-fed rats","volume":"109","author":"Ishisaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S., Lee, K.H., Kang, W.S., Kim, J.S., and Kim, S. (2020). Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effects of unripe Rubus coreanus Miq. and Dendropanax morbiferus H. L\u00e9v. extracts on rat aortic rings. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-02977-6"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-200662","article-title":"Hawthorn berry (Crataegus songarica) causes endothelium-dependent relaxation of the porcine coronary artery: Role of estrogen receptors","volume":"11","author":"Younis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Berry Res."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Baradaran, A., Nasri, H., and Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014). Oxidative stress and hypertension: Possibility of hypertension therapy with antioxidants. J. Res. Med. Sci., 19."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.03.007","article-title":"Correlation of polyphenolic content with radical-scavenging capacity and anthelmintic effects of Rubus ulmifolius (Rosaceae) against Haemonchus contortus","volume":"221","author":"Akkari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.06.055","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of some traditional Sardinian medicinal plants: Investigation of the high antioxidant capacity of Rubus ulmifolius","volume":"106","author":"Cervellati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2019.04.014","article-title":"Flavonoids in hypertension: A brief review of the underlying mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Maaliki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.038","article-title":"Hypotensive activity of an n-butanol extract and their purified compounds from leaves of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels in rats","volume":"649","author":"Leeya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328765","article-title":"Mechanism of the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of the flavonoid tiliroside in resistance arteries","volume":"79","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04410-7","article-title":"Alchemilla viridiflora Rothm.: The potent natural inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme","volume":"477","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, D., Connolly, K., Batacan, R., Ryan, K., Vella, R., and Fenning, A. (2018). (\u2212)-Epicatechin reduces blood pressure and improves left ventricular function and compliance in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23071511"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.06.012","article-title":"The Janus face of chlorogenic acid on vascular reactivity: A study on rat isolated vessels","volume":"23","author":"Tom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9130","DOI":"10.1021\/jf303440j","article-title":"Acute effects of chlorogenic acid on nitric oxide status, endothelial function, and blood pressure in healthy volunteers: A randomized trial","volume":"60","author":"Mubarak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(03)00610-X","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study of ellagic acid in rat after oral administration of pomegranate leaf extract","volume":"796","author":"Lei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.04.029","article-title":"Bioavailability of ellagic acid in human plasma after consumption of ellagitannins from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice","volume":"348","author":"Seeram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.09.019","article-title":"Identifying the limits for ellagic acid bioavailability: A crossover pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers after consumption of pomegranate extracts","volume":"19","author":"Zafrilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10476","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0723864","article-title":"Iberian pig as a model to clarify obscure points in the bioavailability and metabolism of ellagitannins in humans","volume":"55","author":"Rey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.400","article-title":"New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins","volume":"89","author":"Ludwig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elendran, S., Kumar, V.S., Sundralingam, U., Tow, W.-K., and Palanisamy, U.D. (2024). Enhancing the bioavailability of the ellagitannin, geraniin: Formulation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation. Int. J. Pharm., 660.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124333"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, H., Ma, J., Han, J., Li, M., and Shang, J. (2019). Pharmacokinetic comparison of quercetin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin-3-O-\u03b2-D-glucuronide in rats by HPLC-MS. PeerJ, 7.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6665"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/16\/2513\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:26:00Z","timestamp":1760034360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/16\/2513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["plants14162513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants14162513","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2223-7747"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}