{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:33:24Z","timestamp":1781883204756,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry","award":["#CAFYBB2022XA002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#CAFYBB2022XA002"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry","award":["CCPTZX2023B01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCPTZX2023B01"]}]},{"name":"the 2023 National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation (under preparation) Major Innovation Platform Construction Project","award":["#CAFYBB2022XA002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#CAFYBB2022XA002"]}]},{"name":"the 2023 National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation (under preparation) Major Innovation Platform Construction Project","award":["CCPTZX2023B01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCPTZX2023B01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tall wheatgrass Thinopyrum ponticum has excellent saline\u2013alkali tolerance and great potential for restoring saline\u2013alkali land to enhance productivity. This study used the Thinopyrum ponticum cv. \u201cOrbit\u201d variety, which is widely planted in saline\u2013alkali pastures, as the material and artificially simulated salt stress using 150 mM NaCl and 150 mM Na2SO4, respectively. The growth and physiological indexes of the leaves and roots of seedlings were measured after various treatment durations, and the transcriptomes of untreated and Na2SO4-treated leaves and roots were also analyzed after 24 h of treatment. The results showed that salt stress resulted in significant reductions in leaf relative water content in seedlings and inhibited root elongation growth, with Na2SO4 treatment producing a greater impact on plant growth than NaCl treatment. Salt stress significantly alters ion transport and distribution in Thinopyrum ponticum, characterized by pronounced Na+ accumulation and a concomitant decline in K+ uptake. Additionally, to adapt to salt stress, roots enhance their ability to absorb and transport essential cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+. RNA-Seq analysis identified 1682 and 2816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots under Na2SO4 stress, respectively, with 210 common DEGs. Enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs were primarily associated with redox homeostasis, ion balance, and signal transduction. Furthermore, transcription regulation analysis indicated the Thinopyrum ponticum can coordinate the activation of NAC\/MYB\/WRKY transcription factors, SA\/ETH hormone signaling, and Ca2+ pathways in response to salt stress. In summary, this study systematically reveals for the first time the molecular mechanisms by which Thinopyrum ponticum responds to Na2SO4 stress through coordinated regulation of ion transport, transcription factor networks, and hormone-Ca2+ signaling pathways. Based on transcriptomic and protein\u2013protein interaction analyses, nine key candidate genes for saline\u2013alkali tolerance were identified, including UGT7472, JMT, T4E14.7, CAX5, CP1, PXG2 NAMT1, BON3, and APX7. These findings provide novel genetic resources and a theoretical foundation for breeding salt\u2013alkali-tolerant crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14172771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1756999881000},"page":"2771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Physiological and Transcriptional Regulation of Salt Tolerance in Thinopyrum ponticum and Screening of Salt-Tolerant Candidate Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7132-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1116-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuiju","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grassland Research and Technology Promotion Department, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grassland Station, Urumqi 830000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2017.01.007","article-title":"Effects of straw application on coastal saline topsoil salinity and wheat yield trend","volume":"169","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911","article-title":"Mechanisms of salinity tolerance","volume":"59","author":"Munns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-015-0028-z","article-title":"Salicylic acid in plant salinity stress signalling and tolerance","volume":"76","author":"Maheswari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H.W., Li, W., Zheng, Q., Zhao, M.L., Wang, J.L., Li, B., and Li, Z.S. (2023). Salinity Threshold of Tall Wheatgrass for Cultivation in Coastal Saline and Alkaline Land. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13020337"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, C., Yang, G., Bolige, A., Li, H., Li, B., Li, Z., and Zheng, Q. (2022). Screening of salt-tolerant Thinopyrum ponticum under two coastal region salinity stress levels. Front. Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.832013"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru159","article-title":"Life and death under salt stress: Same players, different timing?","volume":"65","author":"Ismail","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq422","article-title":"Additive effects of Na+ and Cl\u2212 ions on barley growth under salinity stress","volume":"62","author":"Tavakkoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.029","article-title":"Abiotic stress signaling and responses in plants","volume":"167","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14920","article-title":"Elucidating the molecular mechanisms mediating plant salt-stress responses","volume":"217","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"286","article-title":"Plant salt-tolerance mechanism: A review","volume":"495","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BBRC"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11105-013-0631-y","article-title":"Structure and function of the CBL-CIPK Ca2+-decoding system in plant calcium signaling","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1449-z","article-title":"Plant cell-surface GIPC sphingolipids sense salt to trigger Ca2+ influx","volume":"572","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.04.069","article-title":"Calcium and calcium sensors in fruit development and ripening","volume":"253","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emery, L., Whelan, S., Hirschi, K.D., and Pittman, J.K. (2012). Protein phylogenetic analysis of Ca2+\/cation antiporters and insights into their evolution in plants. Front. Plant Sci., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2012.00001"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taneja, M., Tyagi, S., Sharma, S., and Upadhyay, S.K. (2016). Ca2+\/Cation antiporters (CaCA): Identification, characterization and expression profiling in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front. Plant Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01775"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-008-9435-0","article-title":"Role of plant hormones in plant defense responses","volume":"69","author":"Bari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-013-1418-1","article-title":"ABA signaling in stress-response and seed development","volume":"32","author":"Nakashima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.04.038","article-title":"The ACC deaminase expressing endophyte Pseudomonas spp. enhances NaCl stress tolerance by reducing stress-related ethylene production, resulting in improved growth, photosynthetic performance, and ionic balance in tomato plants","volume":"127","author":"Win","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eri083","article-title":"The GUS reporter-aided analysis of the promoter activities of Arabidopsis ACC synthase genes AtACS4, AtACS5, and AtACS7 induced by hormones and stresses","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2006.01501.x","article-title":"Expression of tobacco ethylene receptor NTHK1 alters plant responses to salt stress","volume":"29","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15824","article-title":"Rice OsDOF15 contributes to ethylene-inhibited primary root elongation under salt stress","volume":"223","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err143","article-title":"Loss of ACS7 confers abiotic stress tolerance by modulating ABA sensitivity and accumulation in Arabidopsis","volume":"62","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.00353","article-title":"MHZ6\/OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 regulate ethylene response of roots and coleoptiles and negatively affect salt tolerance in rice","volume":"169","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950888","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2021.1950888","article-title":"Salicylic acid modulates ACS, NHX1, SOS1 and HKT1;2 expression to regulate ethylene overproduction and Na+ ions toxicity that leads to improved physiological status and enhanced salinity stress tolerance in tomato plants cv. Pusa Ruby","volume":"16","author":"Yalaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.32615\/ps.2019.040","article-title":"Effects of salicylic acid on photosynthetic activity and chloroplast morphology under light and prolonged darkness","volume":"57","author":"Borbely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, Q., Yan, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Luo, Y., and Wu, W. (2023). Humic acids enhance salt stress tolerance associated with pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase gene expression and hormonal alteration in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1272987"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-020-04463-x","article-title":"SsHKT1;1 is coordinated with SsSOS1 and SsNHX1 to regulate Na+ homeostasis in Suaeda salsa under saline conditions","volume":"449","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Soil."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Q., Li, W., Hu, P., Cheng, J., Zheng, Q., Li, H., and Li, Z. (2025). An Integrated Method for Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in a Tall Wheatgrass Breeding Program. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202502.1558.v1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.05.027","article-title":"Differential effects of NaCl and Na2SO4 on the halophyte Prosopis strombulifera are explained by different responses of photosynthesis and metabolism","volume":"141","author":"Reginato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/jac.12243","article-title":"Impact of chloride (NaCl, KCl) and sulfate (Na2SO4, K2SO4) salinity on glucosinolate metabolism in Brassica rapa","volume":"204","author":"Aghajanzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agron. Crop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2846","article-title":"Release of SOS2 kinase from sequestration with GIGANTEA determines salt tolerance in Arabidopsis","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2009.02.009","article-title":"Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of alfalfa under salt and drought stresses","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.248963","article-title":"Capturing Arabidopsis root architecture dynamics with ROOT-FIT reveals diversity in responses to salinity","volume":"166","author":"Julkowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00081","article-title":"Salt stress affects the redox status of Arabidopsis root meristems","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"607","article-title":"Effects of NaCl or Na2SO4 salinity on plant growth, ion content, and photosynthetic activity in Ocimum basilicum L. Acta Physiol","volume":"34","author":"Tarchoune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ern153","article-title":"Hormonal changes during salinity-induced leaf senescence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","volume":"59","author":"Ghanem","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"261","article-title":"Engineering salt tolerance in plants","volume":"13","author":"Blumwald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2009.02041.x","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and signaling during drought and salinity stresses","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12001","article-title":"Growth responses and ion accumulation in the halophytic legume Prosopis strombulifera are determined by Na2SO4 and NaCl","volume":"16","author":"Reginato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2008.01.009","article-title":"Metabolic adaptations to ammonia-induced oxidative stress in leaves of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx019","article-title":"Redox and reactive oxygen species network in acclimation for salinity tolerance in sugar beet","volume":"68","author":"Hossain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-014-9997-6","article-title":"Towards plant salinity tolerance-implications from ion transporters and biochemical regulation","volume":"76","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, X., Mo, J., Zhou, H., Shen, X., Xie, Y., Xu, J., and Yang, S. (2023). Comparative transcriptome analysis of gene responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice cultivars to salt stress. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46389-1"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazanin, A., Ahmad, I., Mohammad, R.G., Firouzabadi, F.N., and Shobbar, Z.S. (2019). Transcriptome response of roots to salt stress in a salinity-tolerant bread wheat cultivar. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213305"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcq196","article-title":"Gene structures, classification, and expression models of the AP2\/EREBP transcription factor family in rice","volume":"52","author":"Sharoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-021-00508-z","article-title":"Involvement of ethylene receptors in the salt tolerance response of Cucurbita pepo","volume":"8","author":"Romero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Divi, U.K., Rahman, T., and Krishna, P. (2010). Brassinosteroid-mediated stress tolerance in Arabidopsis shows interactions with abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid pathways. BMC Plant Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-10-151"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Liu, L., Kong, X., Wang, X., Si, A., Zhao, F., Huang, Q., Yu, Y., and Chen, Z. (2025). Time-Course Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Cotton Cultivars in Response to Salt Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010329"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142604","article-title":"Salicylic acid-mediated alleviation of salt stress: Insights from physiological and transcriptomic analysis in Asarum sieboldii Miq","volume":"362","author":"Kashif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"77","article-title":"Salicylic acid induces salinity tolerance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Roma): Associated changes in gas exchange, water relations, and membrane stabilization","volume":"49","author":"Stevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.09.003","article-title":"Na2SO4 and NaCl salts differentially modulate the antioxidant systems in the highly stress-tolerant halophyte Prosopis strombulifera","volume":"167","author":"Reginato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, T.C., Ronzier, E., Sanchez, F., Corratg\u00e9-Faillie, C., Mazars, C., and Thibaud, J.B. (2014). Imaging long-distance propagating calcium signals in intact plant leaves with the BRET-based GFP-aequorin reporter. Front. Plant Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00043"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6497","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319955111","article-title":"Salt stress-induced Ca2+ waves are associated with rapid, long-distance root-to-shoot signaling in plants","volume":"111","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2017.12.002","article-title":"Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) in apple","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hortic. Plant J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Hou, C.C., Tian, Y.D., Tang, M.T.G., Feng, C.X., Ren, Z.J., Song, J.L., Wang, X.H., Li, T.G., and Li, M.G. (2020). Interaction between AtCML9 and AtMLO10 regulates pollen tube development and seed setting. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.01119"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-017-1101-4","article-title":"5-Aminolevulinic acid modulates antioxidant defense systems and mitigates drought-induced damage in Kentucky bluegrass seedlings","volume":"254","author":"Niu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: An ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba5435","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba5435","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer of Fhb7 from fungus underlies Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat","volume":"368","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q.Q., Lu, X.K., Chen, X.G., Malik, W.A., Wang, D.L., Zhao, L.J., Wang, J.J., Wang, S., Cui, R.F., and Han, M.G. (2021). Transcriptome analysis of upland cotton revealed novel pathways to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) responding to Na2SO4 tolerance. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87999-x"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelo, S., Giorgio, T., Danilo, F.S., Salvatore, L.C., and Angela, R.L.P. (2019). RNA Seq analysis of giant cane reveals the leaf transcriptome dynamics under long term salt stress. BMC Plant Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-019-1964-y"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najib, A., Min, J.K., and Tae, J.C. (2019). Transcriptome analysis of gene expression in Chlorella vulgaris under salt stress. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 35.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-019-2718-6"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/17\/2771\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:39:32Z","timestamp":1760035172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/17\/2771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["plants14172771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants14172771","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]}}}