{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:51:36Z","timestamp":1791334296765,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Guadalajara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The traditional use of medicinal plants around the world has a long history, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries. Previous ethnobotanical research pertaining to urban environments demonstrated that the legacy of the use of medicinal plant species persists worldwide; however, information about the main city in the occidental part of Mexico is scarce regarding this traditional knowledge and its variation during the last few decades. A database was created from interviews with local people who had inhabited the oldest neighborhoods of Guadalajara for at least 30 years and by using different electronic databases. In addition, the correct taxonomic identification of species was supported via corroboration through local and other digital herbariums. Furthermore, a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) was performed on the database information to search for relationships among the medicinal plant species used. An inventory of 137 medicinal plants was created, where the plant species most commonly used in the five old neighborhoods of Guadalajara City were muicle (Justicia spicigera Schltdl.), pirul (Schinus molle L.), manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.), valeriana (Valeriana sp.), calabaza (Cucurbita pepo L.), cola de caballo (Equisetum arvense L.), tepezcohuite (Mimosa tenuiflora Poir.), salvia (Salvia officinalis L.), canela (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.), tila estrella (Tilia americana var. mexicana (Schltdl.) Hardin), cedr\u00f3n (Aloysia citrodora Pal\u00e1u), uva (Vitis vinifera L.), jengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and gobernadora (Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville). Illnesses of the cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, respiratory, nervous, muscular and reproductive systems, as well as culture-bound syndromes, were mostly treated with these plant species. Moreover, J. spicigera, M. chamomilla and L. tridentata were used for eight medical purposes, followed by Z. officinale with five medicinal practices. In contrast, only two medicinal uses were recorded for C. pepo, M. tenuiflora and S. officinale. The PCoA explained 65.88% of the variation accumulated at the first three ordination axes and formed four groups of species, which were related to their geographical origin. Eight of the fourteen species that are commonly used as medicinal plants are from America, and the rest come from Europe and Asia. This study confirms the persistence of traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants, and the diseases empirically addressed among the inhabitants of Guadalajara City are common in other parts of the world and in different regions of Mexico. These findings are supported by electronic databases that comprise multiple studies related to the phytochemical compounds and medical validation regarding their biological activity, supporting the empirical use and efficacy of these medicinal plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14172788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T14:53:01Z","timestamp":1757083981000},"page":"2788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ethnobotany in a Modern City: The Persistence in the Use of Medicinal Plants in Guadalajara, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rosa Elena","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bot\u00e1nica y Zoolog\u00eda, Doctorado en Ecofisiolog\u00eda y Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Cam. Ram\u00f3n Padilla S\u00e1nchez 2100, Las Agujas, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6923-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Mart\u00edn","family":"Huerta-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Cam. Ram\u00f3n Padilla S\u00e1nchez 2100, Las Agujas, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8941-2305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Neri-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Cam. Ram\u00f3n Padilla S\u00e1nchez 2100, Las Agujas, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Barrientos-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Madera Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Cam. Ram\u00f3n Padilla S\u00e1nchez 2100, Las Agujas, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0828-9729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Urias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Cam. Ram\u00f3n Padilla S\u00e1nchez 2100, Las Agujas, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.5","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and health benefits of edible Rumex species\u2014A review","volume":"64","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-shemy, H.A. (2017). Some mexican plants used in tradicional medicine. Aromatic and Medicinal Plants\u2014Back to the Nature, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/63696"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6157","article-title":"Ethnobotany of the genus Taraxacum\u2014Phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. 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