{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T22:06:03Z","timestamp":1771365963070,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["305912\/2023-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305912\/2023-2"]}]},{"name":"Federal District Research Support Foundation (FAPDF)","award":["193.00001149\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["193.00001149\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Federal District Research Support Foundation (FAPDF)","award":["00193-00000865\/2024-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000865\/2024-03"]}]},{"name":"Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (Capes)","award":["88881.986039\/2024-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.986039\/2024-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) is a neotropical species whose leaf extracts demonstrate efficacy against cutaneous and mucosal inflammation and ulceration. This study aimed to prepare and characterize aqueous extracts of P. guajava leaves (EAPG) and incorporate them into chitosan nanoparticles for topical delivery to the oral mucosa. The extract was obtained by infusion, and its marker compound was quantified by a chromatographic method. EAPG exhibited antioxidant activity (IC50: 6.35\u20137.01 \u00b5g\/mL in DPPH\u2022; FRAP: 14.42\u201317.83 \u00b5g\/mL \u2248 60 \u00b5M Fe2+) and anti-inflammatory potential by modulating the expression of IL-6. It also showed antifungal activity against Candida species. Nanoparticles loaded with EAPG had a mean diameter of 899.8 \u00b1 10.8 nm, PdI 0.22 \u00b1 0.03, Zeta potential +32.4 \u00b1 2.3 mV, pH 5.0, and 62 \u00b1 1% encapsulation efficiency. They remained stable for 30 days. In an ex vivo topical application, EAPG nanoparticles delivered 415.17 \u00b1 71.7 \u00b5g\/cm2 of marker to the oral mucosa, eight times more than free EAPG (p &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that chitosan-based EAPG nanoparticles are a promising strategy for topical treatment of mucosal disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14193099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:51:13Z","timestamp":1759935073000},"page":"3099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chitosan Nanoparticles Entrapping Aqueous Psidium guajava L. Leaf Extracts: A Promising Approach for Topically Treating Disorders in Oral Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Renata Paula Coppini","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Leite","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2492-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seila","family":"Tolentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur Fiuza Borges","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella Souza","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hematology and Stem Cells (LHCT), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-7885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Martins","family":"Gelfuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Saldanha-Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hematology and Stem Cells (LHCT), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7622-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliete Neves Silva","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanna Karla Medeiros","family":"Nobrega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-7832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher William","family":"Fagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1851-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e2maris","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yris Maria","family":"Fonseca-Bazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8011-6940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e9rola Oliveira","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lorenzi, H., and Matos, F.J.A. 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