{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:10:28Z","timestamp":1792480228203,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SECIHTI (Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n)","award":["CF-2023-G-1508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-G-1508"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus Sida includes about 200 species worldwide. Its history in folk medicine is extensive, as it has been used to treat various conditions such as inflammation, pain, and nervousness. Pharmacologically, preclinical studies have attributed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and sedative properties to Sida, related to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and coumarins. A relevant point of this review is that, despite the number of Sida species, only 17 of them have pharmacological reports, emphasizing their great potential, such as S. rhombifolia, which requires further research to conduct clinical trials, since only S. cordifolia has undergone clinical trials with arthritis patients. The objective of this review was to conduct a literature search across different databases, to update the available information on the ethnomedical use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological potential of 17 Sida species. The information compiled in this review aims to highlight the therapeutic importance of Sida species, whether they have been researched or not. This genus is a promising field for scientific advances in chemistry and pharmacology. It also has the potential to create appropriate conditions for obtaining plant material in a systematic and sustainable manner, to prevent overexploitation and encourage clinical studies leading to pharmaceutical formulations for therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14193115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:54:31Z","timestamp":1760028871000},"page":"3115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sida L.: Ethnobotany, Pharmacology, and Phytochemistry: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ferrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Xochitepec 62740, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maribel","family":"Herrera-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Xochitepec 62740, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3626-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yrvinn","family":"Campos-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Xochitepec 62740, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Flores-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad y Conservaci\u00f3n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayeli","family":"Monterrosas-Brisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.35588\/blacpma.19.18.1.04","article-title":"Etnomedicina en los altos de Chiapas, M\u00e9xico","volume":"18","author":"Lara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bol. Latinoam. Caribe Plant Med. Aromat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.34297\/AJBSR.2019.03.000641","article-title":"A review study on different plants in Malvaceae family and their medicinal uses","volume":"3","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Biomed. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Paleomedicine and the Evolutionary Context of Medicinal Plant Use","volume":"31","author":"Hardy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farm."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"106","article-title":"Plantas medicinales utilizadas para enfermedades del sistema digestivo en Tetela del Volc\u00e1n, Estado de Morelos, M\u00e9xico","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bol. Latinoam. Caribe Plant Med. Aromat."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3366\/anh.2006.33.2.302","article-title":"Sahag\u00fan\u2019s \u201cFlorentine codex,\u201d a little known Aztecan natural history of the Valley of Mexico","volume":"33","author":"Reeves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Nat. Hist."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reimers, E.A.L., Fern\u00e1ndez, E.C., Reimers, D.J.L., Chaloupkova, P., Del Valle, J.M.Z., Milella, L., and Russo, D. (2019). An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in Papantla, Veracruz, Mexico. Plants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8080246"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Navarrete-Linares, F. (2008). Los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de M\u00e9xico, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"WHO (2025, February 13). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/traditional-medicine."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Osuna-Torres, L., Tapia-P\u00e9rez, M.E., and Aguilar-Contreras, A. (2005). Plantas Medicinales de la Medicina Tradicional Mexicana para Tratar Afecciones Gastrointestinales. Estudio Etnobot\u00e1nico, Fitoqu\u00edmico y Farmacol\u00f3gico, Publicacions i Edicions Universitat de Barcelona."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"221","article-title":"Medicinal plants of Oaxaca, Mexico: Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity","volume":"19","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bol. Latinoam. Caribe Plant Med. Aromat."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.01.006","article-title":"The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants","volume":"148","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207323666200606211342","article-title":"Design of novel drug-like molecules using informatics rich secondary metabolites analysis of Indian medicinal and aromatic plants","volume":"23","author":"Karade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comb. Chem. High. Throughput Screen."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"59","article-title":"Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: A broad review","volume":"147","author":"Sen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06682","article-title":"Secondary metabolite compounds from Sida genus and their bioactivity","volume":"7","author":"Aminah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eggli, U., and Nyffeler, R. (2023). Malvaceae. Dicotyledons: Rosids (Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants), Springer. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93492-7"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Nayar, M.P., Thothathri, K., and Sanjappa, M. (1988). Malvaceae. Fascicles of Flora of India, Fascicle 19, Botanical Survey of India."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892010262937230919100024","article-title":"Sida cordifolia L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Phytonanotechnology, and Commercial Application","volume":"25","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Linnaeus, C.V. (1753). Species Plantarum, Salvius. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.30972\/bon.163-4150","article-title":"Las especies de Sida Secc. Malacroideae (Malvaceae) del Cono Sur de Sudam\u00e9rica","volume":"16","author":"Krapovickas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bonplandia"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Rzedowski, J., and de Rzedowski, G.C. (1993). Familia Malvaceae Fascicle 16 In Flora del Baj\u00edo y de Regiones Adyacentes, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda A.C. Centro Regional del Baj\u00edo."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"e2388","article-title":"Flora nativa y vegetaci\u00f3n de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, M\u00e9xico","volume":"131","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Bot\u00e1nica Mex."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.307.3.5","article-title":"Synopsis of Sida (Malvaceae, Malvoideae, Malveae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil","volume":"307","author":"Baracho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2020.04.030","article-title":"The genus Sida L. (Malvaceae): An update of its ethnomedicinal use, pharmacology and phytochemistry","volume":"132","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"81","article-title":"Las especies argentinas y uruguayas del g\u00e9nero Sida. (Malvaceae)","volume":"6","author":"Rodrigo","year":"1944","journal-title":"Rev. Mus. La Plata Nva Ser. Secc. Bot."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"323","article-title":"Comparative phytotoxic effects of aerial and root aqueous extracts of Sida cordifolia L. on germination and seedling vigour performance of lettuce, tomato and carrot","volume":"46","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox1010033","article-title":"Total Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of some Malvaceae family species","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.10.027","article-title":"The genus Sida L.\u2014A traditional medicine: Its ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological data for commercial exploitation in herbal drugs industry","volume":"24","author":"Dinda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Dorado, O. (1997). Inventario Flor\u00edstico de la Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Educaci\u00f3n Ambiental e Investigaci\u00f3n Sierra de Huautla."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Dorado, O., Maldonado, B., Arias, D., Sorani, V., Ram\u00edrez, R., Leyva, E., and Valenzuela, D. (2005). Programa de Conservaci\u00f3n y Manejo Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de \u00c1reas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP)\u2014Secretar\u00eda de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT)."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/ddc3010011","article-title":"Plant-derived natural products: A source for drug discovery and development","volume":"3","author":"Chaachouay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs Drug Candidates"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/tax.13077","article-title":"IAPT chromosome data 39\u2014Extended version","volume":"72","author":"Marhold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/25027717","article-title":"Malvaceae of Mexico","volume":"25","author":"Fryxell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Syst. Bot. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.30972\/bon.163-4152","article-title":"Cromosomas de especies americanas de Sida (MALVACEAE)","volume":"16","author":"Lavia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bonplandia"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"599","article-title":"La subfamilia Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.l.) en el occidente del estado Sucre, Venezuela","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"UDO Agric."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3199\/iscb.7.87","article-title":"Cytological investigations of some polypetalous plants from District Sirmaur of Himachal Pradesh in the Western Himalayas, India","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chromosom. Bot."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Exell, A.W. (1961). Malvaceae. Flora Zambesiaca, Crown Agents."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"178","article-title":"Chromosome numbers and karyotype studies of few members of Malvales","volume":"3","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Phytomed Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Greuter, W., and Rankin Rodr\u00edguez, R. (2007). Malvaceae. Flora de la Rep\u00fablica de Cuba, 13th Fasc\u00edculo, Botanischer Garten und Berlin."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mendoza, A., and Meave, J. (2011). Diversidad Flor\u00edstica de Oaxaca: De Musgos a Angiospermas, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico-CONABIO. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"73","article-title":"Seedling Morphology and its Systematic Implications Within the Genus Sida L. (Malvaceae)","volume":"37","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. For."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"270","article-title":"Sida Linnaeus, Sp","volume":"12","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fl. China"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Rao, K.S., Swamy, R.K., Kumar, D., R., A.S., and Bhat, K.G. (2025, July 14). Flora of Peninsular India. Available online: https:\/\/indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in\/FloraPeninsular\/herbsheet.php?id=0&cat=7."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"63","article-title":"Taxonomy of the Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) complex in India","volume":"16","author":"Sivarajan","year":"1994","journal-title":"SIDA Contrib. Bot."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1508\/cytologia.68.25","article-title":"Differential Fluorescent Chromosome Banding of Four Sida spp. (Malvaceae)","volume":"68","author":"Lubna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cytologia"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"14587","article-title":"Vasorelaxant response induced by Sida santaremnensis H. Monteiro ethanol extract on rat superior mesenteric artery","volume":"10","author":"Chaves","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJB"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"47","article-title":"Sida santaremensis (MALVACEAE): A new record for Para\u00edbastate, in caatinga domain, northeastern Brazil","volume":"73","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pesqui. BOT\u00c2NICA"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.04.019","article-title":"Mexican plants with hypoglycaemic effect used in the treatment of diabetes","volume":"99","author":"Heinrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Monroy-Ortiz, C., and Castillo-Espa\u00f1a, P. (2007). Plantas Medicinales Utilizadas en el Estado de Morelos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soumyanath, A. (2006). Antidiabetic plants in Mexico and Central America. Traditional Medicines for Modern Times: Antidiabetic Plants, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420019001"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"233","article-title":"Some medicinal plants uses in ethnical group from Biratnagar, Eastern, Nepal","volume":"41","author":"Adhikari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Sci. Res. J. Eng. Tech. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199902)13:1<75::AID-PTR387>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic activities of Sida cordifolia","volume":"13","author":"Kanth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.660.3.6","article-title":"New synonyms and lectotypifications in Sida (Malvaceae-Malveae) reveal the first record and extension of the distribution area of Sida maculata to Brazil","volume":"660","author":"Baracho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.55981\/reinwardtia.2024.4761","article-title":"Sida penambangensis (Malvaceae), a new Sida species from East Java, Indonesia","volume":"23","author":"Felayati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reinwardtia"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.104398","article-title":"Bioactive compounds anti-infammatory anti-nociceptive and antioxidant potentials of ethanolic leaf fraction of Sida linifolia L (Malvaceae)","volume":"16","author":"Nwankwo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Regalado, G. (2014). Plantas Medicinales de Aguascalientes, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)36284-5","article-title":"Central nervous system effects of Sida retusa root","volume":"21","author":"Thangam","year":"1971","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2025, July 14). Digital Flora of Eastern Ghats. Available online: https:\/\/indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in\/EasternGhats\/herbsheet.php?id=2320&cat=4."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"(2025, April 22). Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew, UK, 2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.plantsoftheworldonline.org\/."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"99","article-title":"The use of Sida plant in the preparation of Nayapayam Kashayam","volume":"3","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"IJRAP"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"224","article-title":"Sida tuberculata extract reduces the nociceptive response by chemical noxious stimuli in mice: Implications for mechanism of action, relation to chemical composition and molecular docking","volume":"33","author":"Coelho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-021-00336-7","article-title":"Sida acuta leaf extract attenuates oxidants-induced animal model of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Ogunmoyole","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Phytosci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1937156","article-title":"Chemical constituents of two Cameroonian medicinal plants: Sida rhombifolia L. and Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) and their antiplasmodial activity","volume":"36","author":"Kamdoum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.94737","article-title":"Screening Togolese medicinal plants for few pharmacological properties","volume":"4","author":"Karou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"474","article-title":"Phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extract of Sida acuta Burm.f. and its antibacterial activity","volume":"5","author":"Senthilkumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eme Tech. Innov. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smanthong, N., Tavichakorntrakool, R., Tippayawat, P., Lulitanond, A., Pinlaor, P., Daduang, J., Sae-Ung, N., Chaveerach, A., Phetcharaburanin, J., and Boonsiri, P. (2022). Anti-proteus activity, anti-struvite crystal, and phytochemical analysis of Sida acuta Burm. F. ethanolic leaf extract. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27031092"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2021.03.028","article-title":"New perspectives into the chemical characterization of Sida acuta Burm. f. extracts with respect to its anti-cancer, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects","volume":"105","author":"Uysal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"232","article-title":"Lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of some Sida species due to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate","volume":"105","author":"Preethidan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1076\/1388-0209(200001)38:1;1-B;FT040","article-title":"Investigation of medicinal plants of togo for antiviral and antimicrobial activities","volume":"38","author":"Anani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"176","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts and metabolites from Sida acuta and Sida rhombifolia","volume":"40","author":"Arciniegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konat\u00e9, K., Bassol\u00e9, I.H., Hilou, A., Aworet-Samseny, R.R., Souza, A., Barro, N., Dicko, M.H., Datt\u00e9, J.Y., and M\u2019Batchi, B. (2012). Toxicity assessment and analgesic activity investigation of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida acuta Burn f. and Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae), medicinal plants of Burkina Faso. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-120"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2015.09.011","article-title":"Neuropharmacological effects of the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta","volume":"26","author":"Benjumea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farm."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"515","article-title":"Antipyretic efficacy of various extracts of Sida acuta leaves","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Machado-De Queiroz, W.A. (2022). Estudo Fitoqu\u00edmico e Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Biol\u00f3gica Pioneiros da Esp\u00e9cie Sida ciliaris L. (Malvaceae Sensu lato). [Master\u2019s Thesis, Para\u00edba Federal University]."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s40011-013-0218-2","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of alcoholic-extract of Sida cordifolia (Areal Part) in streptozotocin-induced-diabetes in Wistar-Rats","volume":"84","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.146544","article-title":"Total polyphenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant properties of eight Sida species from Western Ghats, India","volume":"6","author":"Subramanya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, N.A., and Khan, M.R. (2014). Antidiabetic effect of Sida cordata in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Biomed. Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/671294"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1896-8","article-title":"Phytochemical investigation and nephroprotective potential of Sida cordata in rat","volume":"17","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.52711\/2321-5836.2024.00046","article-title":"In Vitro and In Vivo evalution of anti-asthmatic activity of leaves of Sida veronicafolia (Lam)","volume":"16","author":"Kamble","year":"2024","journal-title":"RJPPD"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"15","article-title":"Biological activity and phytochemical screening of different extracts of Sida cordata (Burm.F.) borssum root","volume":"3","author":"Gulnaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian. J. Clin. Anat. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(13)60057-7","article-title":"Protective effect of Sida cordata leaf extract against CCl(4) induced acute liver toxicity in rats","volume":"6","author":"Mistry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.07.003","article-title":"Sida cordifolia accelerates wound healing process delayed by dexamethasone in rats: Effect on ROS and probable mechanism of action","volume":"235","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-017-0295-5","article-title":"Antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Sida cordifolia roots in Wister albino rats","volume":"18","author":"Jahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orient. Pharm. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0192-5","article-title":"Antiperoxidative and antiinflammatory effect of Sida cordifolia Linn. on quinolinic acid induced neurotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Swathy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03502-7","article-title":"Extracts of Sida cordifolia contain polysaccharides possessing immunomodulatory activity and rosmarinic acid compounds with antibacterial activity","volume":"22","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"292","article-title":"A phytochemical study of bala dwayam (Sida cordifolia & Abutilon indicum Linn.) And clinical evaluation of its moola churna ksheerapaka in Sandhigata vata with special reference to janu sandhi","volume":"12","author":"Mathew","year":"2021","journal-title":"IAMJ"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"234","article-title":"In vitro antiproliferative activity of ethanolic extract of Sida cordifolia Linn against various cancer cell lines","volume":"13","author":"Pratima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Al Ameen J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422006000600020","article-title":"Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Sida galheirensis Ulbr. (Malvaceae)","volume":"29","author":"Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"4845","article-title":"Antioxidant Phytochemicals from Sida glutinosa","volume":"5","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-016-1655-y","article-title":"A new antifungal aliphatic fatty acid ester from the aerial parts of Sida glutinosa","volume":"52","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"91","article-title":"Enzyme inhibitor and antimicrobial phytochemicals from aerial parts of Sida glutinosa","volume":"6","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJPPR"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.9734\/BJPR\/2015\/15676","article-title":"Evaluation of the haemostatic activities of Sida corymbosa in rats","volume":"5","author":"Aboh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.06.042","article-title":"Uterine contractility of plants used to facilitate childbirth in Nigeria ethnomedicine","volume":"143","author":"Attah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"87","article-title":"Antiulcer and wound healing activities of Sida corymbosa in rats","volume":"11","author":"Yahaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"e018","article-title":"Antimalarial potential of ethanol extract, and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoid-, terpenoid-, and alkaloid-rich fractions of Sida linifolia L","volume":"4","author":"Nwankwo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2023.100630","article-title":"Phytochemical composition and potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of leaf extracts of Sida linifolia L. (Malvaceae)","volume":"38","author":"Nwankwo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"531","article-title":"In Vivo antischistosomal and toxicological evaluation of Sida pilosa Retz on mice BALB\/c","volume":"3","author":"Jatsa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacologyonline"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2015.68039","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of Sida pilosa Retz (malvaceae) aqueous extract and derived fractions on Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"6","author":"Jatsa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.01.017","article-title":"Improvement of the liver pathology by the aqueous extract and the n-butanol fraction of Sida pilosa Retz in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice","volume":"180","author":"Jatsa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2020.1871144","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Sida planicaulis Cav extract using human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y","volume":"84","author":"Selbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Env. Health A"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"65","article-title":"Inventory, morphological and antioxidant profile of the Sumatera Sidaguri (Sida Spp.) plants","volume":"40","author":"Suhatri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Health Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Gao, P., Liu, D., Song, W., Zhu, L., and Liu, X. (2022). Chemical composition and In Vitro antioxidant activity of Sida rhombifolia L. volatile organic compounds. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27207067"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.25258\/ijpqa.14.1.16","article-title":"Phyto-therapeutic potential of aerial part of Sida rhombifolia for antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activity","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Qual. Assur."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"412","article-title":"Potent anti-inflammatory effect of root of sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia L) on rat periapical lesion model","volume":"8","author":"Tanumihardja","year":"2016","journal-title":"IJTPR"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1285322","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia","volume":"55","author":"Mah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves, O.S., Teles, Y.C., Monteiro, M.M., Mendes-Junior, L.D., Agra, M.F., Braga, V.A., Silva, T.M., and Souza, M.F. (2017). Alkaloids and phenolic compounds from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) and vasorelaxant activity of two indoquinoline alkaloids. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010094"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"220","article-title":"Indoquinoline alkaloids from Sida rhombifolia (L.) (Malvaceae) and antimicrobial evaluation of cryptolepinone derivatives","volume":"34","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2022.23.11.3677","article-title":"Sida rhombifolia exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in human liver cancer HepG2 cells In Vitro","volume":"23","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"157","article-title":"Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of Sida rhombifolia Linn. root","volume":"2","author":"Ranjan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"495","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of compounds extracted from Sida rhombifolia Linn","volume":"2023","author":"Saini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8429809","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8429809","article-title":"Assessments of Antibacterial effects of aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Sida rhombifolia\u2019s aerial part","volume":"2018","author":"Debalke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"19","article-title":"Phytochemical studies and pharmacological screening of Sida rhombifolia Linn","volume":"5","author":"Sundaraganapathy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hygeia J. D Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.17219\/pim\/156847","article-title":"Evaluation of Sida cordifolia and Sida rhombifolia extracts in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy","volume":"53","author":"Imran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polim. Med."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.5138\/ijpm.2010.0975.0185.02025","article-title":"Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa in diabetic induced animals","volume":"2","author":"Dhalwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytomed"},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa seed extract inhibits DEN-induced murine hepatic preneoplasia and carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity","volume":"10","author":"Poojari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"191","article-title":"Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Sida rhomboidea Roxb methanolic extract determined using different in vitro models","volume":"9","author":"Thounaojam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bol. Latinoam. Caribe Plantas Med. Arom\u00e1t"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00016-1","article-title":"Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Sida rhomboidea leaves","volume":"67","author":"Venkatesh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.5902\/2179460X64361","article-title":"Flavonoids isolated from Sida santaremnensis H. Monteiro (\u201cGuanxuma\u201d) and evaluation of biological activities","volume":"43","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc. E Nat."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"50","article-title":"Antipyretic and antimicrobial potential of Sida spinosa Linn. aqueous root extract in rats","volume":"3","author":"Sangreskopp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytopharm."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"36","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Sida spinosa Linn. (Malvaceae)","volume":"1","author":"Selvadurai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"65","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida spinosa Linn. (Malvaceae)","volume":"1","author":"Navaneethakrishnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J. Plant Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"5587","article-title":"Screening for phytochemical, flavonoid content, antioxidant and anthelmintic potential of Sida spinosa","volume":"10","author":"Tirkey","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJPSR"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114956","article-title":"Sida tuberculata: In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect","volume":"287","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03207-8","article-title":"Photobiomodulation and Sida tuberculata combination declines the inflammation\u2019s markers in knee-induced osteoarthritis","volume":"37","author":"Yamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112277","article-title":"Sida tuberculata reduces oxidative stress and pain caused by the knee osteoarthritis","volume":"248","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"1947","article-title":"Graph theory network, molecular docking, quantum chemicals and pharmacokinetics-based investigation on phytochemicals from Sida rhombifolia against Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Priya","year":"2024","journal-title":"PACs"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahate, S.P., Singh, M., Verma, A.K., Kumar, N., Tiwari, N., and Shanker, K. (2024). Densitometric method for assessment of six specialized metabolites in four Sida sp. and its congener Abutilon indicum: Targeted metabolomics, greenness assessment, and chemometrics analysis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 240.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115945"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.22161\/ijmpd.7.5.3","article-title":"A brief overview of the ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical uses of Sida spinosa","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Med. Pharm. Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971529","article-title":"Alkaloid constituents of Sida acuta, S. humilis, S. rhombifolia and S. spinosa","volume":"43","author":"Prakash","year":"1981","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.18311\/jnr\/2025\/41920","article-title":"Plant description, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological attributes of the plant Sida cordata: A Perspective Review","volume":"25","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nat. Remedies"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25727","article-title":"Exploring the pharmacological and chemical aspects of pyrrolo-quinazoline derivatives in Adhatoda vasica","volume":"10","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"175","article-title":"Bioactive alkaloid from Sida cordifolia Linn. with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities","volume":"5","author":"Sutradhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"IJPT"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4103\/ayu.AYU_49_16","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of vasicine and vasicinone by High-performance liquid chromatography in roots of eight Sida species","volume":"37","author":"Subramanya","year":"2016","journal-title":"AYU"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2017.097","article-title":"Anti-proliferative activities of vasicinone on lung carcinoma cells mediated via activation of both mitochondria-dependent and independent pathways","volume":"26","author":"Dey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9563","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02093E","article-title":"Over a century since ephedrine discovery: An updated revisit to its pharmacological aspects, functionality and toxicity in comparison to its herbal extracts","volume":"12","author":"Gad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v12i1.5175","article-title":"Extraction, isolation and standardization of herbal species Sida","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imran, M., Patil, S.P., Abourehab, M.A.S., Aeri, V., and Kesharwani, P. (2022). Quality by design-based optimization of Soxhlet extraction and identification of ephedrine by a HPTLC method for Sida rhombifolia and Sida Cordifolia. Biomed. Chromatogr., 36.","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5479"},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"224","article-title":"Antidiabetic activity of whole plant of Sida spinosa Linn. (Malvaceae) on diabetic induced rats","volume":"1","author":"Selvadurai","year":"2012","journal-title":"IJRPP"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0142owacka, K., and Wiela-Hoje\u0144ska, A. (2021). Pseudoephedrine-Benefits and Risks. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105146"},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"e4773","article-title":"Structural assessment of chemical constituent of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia Linn) and its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase","volume":"19","author":"Tanumihadja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clin. Integr."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, H., Zhu, X., Cai, W., and Qiu, L. (2017). Hypaphorine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial inflammation via regulation of TLR4 and PPAR-\u03b3 dependent on PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signal pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040844"},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Effect of bioactive compounds and its pharmaceutical activities of Sida cordifolia (Linn.)","volume":"2","author":"Joseph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"1512","article-title":"Preliminary phytochemical analysis on the leaves extracts of Sida acuta Burm.f. and Sida rhombifolia Linn. family Malvaceae","volume":"15","author":"Selvadurai","year":"2022","journal-title":"RJPT"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2016.12.075","article-title":"Natural potential neuroinflammatory inhibitors from Alhagi sparsifolia Shap","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5918","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1803308","article-title":"In silico pharmacological prediction and cytotoxicity of flavonoids glycosides identified by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS\/MS in extracts of Humulus lupulus leaves cultivated in Brazil","volume":"35","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s40495-021-00269-2","article-title":"Myricetin: A Multifunctional Flavonol in Biomedicine","volume":"8","author":"Agraharam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0527.3426","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of Reseda lutea L. (Wild Mignonette) and 7 isolated flavonol glycosides: Determination of antioxidant activity, anti-Alzheimer, antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects with in vitro and in silico methods","volume":"46","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.03.044","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immune properties of the peltatoside, isolated from the leaves of Annona crassiflora Mart., in a new experimental model zebrafish","volume":"101","author":"Prata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish. Shellfish. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of flavonoid rutin","volume":"96","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.104974","article-title":"Preclinical safety assessment of the crude extract from Sida rhombifolia L. aerial parts in experimental models of acute and repeated-dose 28 days toxicity in rats","volume":"124","author":"Dornelles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Identification of active pharmaceuticals of Sida acuta Burm. f. leaves using GC-MS and HPTLC fingerprinting","volume":"10","author":"Muneeswari","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJPSR"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrumaihi, F., Almatroodi, S.A., Alharbi, H.O.A., Alwanian, W.M., Alharbi, F.A., Almatroudi, A., and Rahmani, A.H. (2024). Pharmacological potential of kaempferol, a flavonoid in the management of pathogenesis via modulation of inflammation and other biological activities. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29092007"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Tian, Y., Wang, T., Lin, Q., Feng, X., Jiang, Q., Liu, Y., and Chen, D. (2017). Role of the p-Coumaroyl Moiety in the Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects of Flavonoid Glycosides: Comparison of Astragalin and Tiliroside. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071165"},{"key":"ref_153","first-page":"75","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of isolated flavonoid from Sida cordifolia leaves extract","volume":"8","author":"Padhy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Res. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong, G., Guan, Y.Y., Zhang, Z.L., Rahman, K., Wang, S.J., Zhou, S., Luan, X., and Zhang, H. (2020). Isorhamnetin: A review of pharmacological effects. Biomed. Pharmacother., 128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110301"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esmeeta, A., Adhikary, S., Dharshnaa, V., Swarnamughi, P., Ummul-Maqsummiya, Z., Banerjee, A., Pathak, S., and Duttaroy, A.K. (2022). Plant-derived bioactive compounds in colon cancer treatment: An updated review. Biomed. Pharmacother., 153.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113384"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.21010\/ajtcam.v13i4.15","article-title":"Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies of \u03b2-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside and \u03b2-amyrin from Prunus africana","volume":"13","author":"Maiyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"103","article-title":"Phytochemical composition of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa (L.) Bross.: A comprehensive GC\/MS analysis","volume":"67","author":"Pooja","year":"2024","journal-title":"Xi\u2019an Shiyou Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2744-z","article-title":"Extraction and identification of bioactive components in Sida cordata (Burm.f.) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Ganesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.08.032","article-title":"Phytol: A review of biomedical activities","volume":"121","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14010540","article-title":"Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: Potential uses in cosmetic dermatology","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moeurng, S., Posridee, K., Kamkaew, A., Thaiudom, S., Oonsivilai, A., and Oonsivilai, R. (2024). Identification of Pheophytin a and Hydroxy Pheophytin a from Rang Chuet (Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.) as Potent NQO-1 Inducers in Liver Cells. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13101443"},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"10","article-title":"Phytochemical and Biological Investigations of Sida rhomboidea Linn","volume":"7","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2008","journal-title":"IJAM"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Omari, N., Jaouadi, I., Lahyaoui, M., Benali, T., Taha, D., Bakrim, S., El Menyiy, N., El Kamari, F., Zengin, G., and Bangar, S.P. (2022). Natural sources, pharmacological properties, and health benefits of daucosterol: Versatility of actions. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12125779"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14657","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14657","article-title":"Stigmasterol alleviates neuropathic pain by reducing Schwann cell-macrophage cascade in DRG by modulating IL-34\/CSF1R","volume":"30","author":"Si","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04115-z","article-title":"Identification of bioactive compounds of leaf extracts of Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borss. Waalk. by GC\/MS analysis","volume":"195","author":"Banni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205020666230308151443","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol protects against aluminium chloride-mediated neurotoxicity","volume":"20","author":"Yadav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.13005\/ojc\/290245","article-title":"Isolation and identification of gamma-sitosterol by GC-MS from roots of Girardinia heterophylla","volume":"29","author":"Tripathi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orient. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Rosa, H.S., Salgueiro, A.C., Colpo, A.Z., Paula, F.R., Mendez, A.S., and Folmer, V. (2016). Sida tuberculata (Malvaceae): A study based on development of extractive system and in silico and in vitro properties. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 49.","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20165282"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2022.133061","article-title":"Total synthesis of murraol, (E)-Suberenol and toward the collective total synthesis of exotines A, cnidimonins A-Cetc","volume":"126","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1375915","article-title":"Bioactive coumarins from the roots and fruits of Ferulago trifida Boiss., an endemic species to Iran","volume":"32","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106202","article-title":"An overview of the pharmacological activities of scopoletin against different chronic diseases","volume":"179","author":"Parama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"245","article-title":"An overview of the traditional importance, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Sida acuta Burm.f","volume":"11","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Phytomed"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amine, H., Benomar, Y., and Taouis, M. (2021). Publisher Correction: Palmitic acid promotes resistin induced insulin resistance and inflammation in SH SY5Y human neuroblastoma. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92151-w"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santa-Mar\u00eda, C., L\u00f3pez-Enr\u00edquez, S., Montserrat-de la Paz, S., Geniz, I., Reyes-Quiroz, M.E., Moreno, M., Palomares, F., Sobrino, F., and Alba, G. (2023). Update on anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms induced by Oleic Acid. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010224"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.02.013","article-title":"Linoleic acid potentiates CD8+ T cell metabolic fitness and antitumor immunity","volume":"35","author":"Tiberti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104538","article-title":"Caffeic acid reduces A53T \u03b1-synuclein by activating JNK\/Bcl-2-mediated autophagy in vitro and improves behaviour and protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"150","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurniawan, Y.S., Priyangga, K.T.A., Pranowo, H.D., Sholikhah, E.N., Zulkarnain, A.K., Fatimi, H.A., and Julianus, J. (2021). An update on the anticancer activity of xanthone derivatives: A review. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14111144"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, J., Xie, Z., Chen, L., Peng, X., Luan, F., Hu, J., Xie, H., Liu, R., and Zeng, N. (2024). Rosmarinic acid alleviate CORT-induced depressive-like behavior by promoting neurogenesis and regulating BDNF\/TrkB\/PI3K signaling axis. Biomed. Pharmacother., 170.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115994"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-82502013000300002","article-title":"Ferulic acid and derivatives: Molecules with potential application in the pharmaceutical field","volume":"49","author":"Paiva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_180","first-page":"285","article-title":"The antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of Sida acuta Burm. F","volume":"49","author":"Chumpol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Southeast. Asian J. Trop. Med. Public. Health"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.04.055","article-title":"Hepatoprotective studies on Sida acuta Burm","volume":"124","author":"Sreedevi","year":"2009","journal-title":"f. J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-023-00527-8","article-title":"Phytocompounds, antioxidant potential, and inhibitory actions of ethanolic leaf fraction of Sida linifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) on enzymes linked to infammation, diabetes, and neurological disorders","volume":"9","author":"Ezeako","year":"2023","journal-title":"Futur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, J., Zhang, Y., Tang, C., Hou, Y., Ai, X., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., and Meng, X. (2021). Gallic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation-related diseases. Biomed. Pharmacother., 133.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110985"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.08.006","article-title":"Herbal beverages: Bioactive compounds and their role in disease risk reduction\u2014A review","volume":"8","author":"Chandrasekara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breuss, J.M., Atanasov, A.G., and Uhrin, P. (2019). Resveratrol and Its Effects on the Vascular System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071523"},{"key":"ref_186","unstructured":"Pubmed (2025, May 13). Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Sida+rhombifolia&size=50."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105170","article-title":"Scoparone as a therapeutic drug in liver diseases: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and molecular mechanisms of action","volume":"160","author":"Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112996","article-title":"Vasicine attenuates atherosclerosis via lipid regulation, inflammation inhibition, and autophagy activation in ApoE-\/- mice","volume":"142","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/19\/3115\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:18:28Z","timestamp":1760242708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/19\/3115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":188,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["plants14193115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants14193115","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]}}}