{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:23:36Z","timestamp":1790205816932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was optimized to extract bioactive compounds from Licaria armeniaca tissues. Extraction time, solid\u2013liquid ratio (m\/v), and ethanol percentage were investigated using a central composite rotational design and response surface methodology (RSM). Antioxidant activity (DPPH) and total phenolic content (TPC) served as the response variables. Most efficient extraction conditions were obtained for leaves (64.88% ethanol, 26.07 min, 6.23% m\/v; R2 = 0.93) and thin branches (73.81% ethanol, 31.34 min, 11% m\/v; R2 = 0.74). For thick branches, no significant predictive model was obtained, and optimal points were defined based on the best observed TPC and DPPH results (50% ethanol, 35 min, 11% m\/v). The optimized extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry associated with molecular networking, GNPS (Global Natural Products Social Molecular Network) library searching, and machine learning tools. Metabolomic profiling indicated that leaves contained mainly alkaloids (46.34%), amino acids and peptides (19.51%), and shikimate derivatives and phenylpropanoids (12.20%). Thin branches showed predominance of alkaloids (35.97%), amino acids and peptides (20.86%), and carbohydrates (12.23%), while thick branches contained alkaloids (46.34%), amino acids and peptides (25.00%), and fatty acids (14.26%). Additionally, the extracts displayed significant cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines of AGP-01 (malignant gastric ascites), AHOL (Human glioblastoma) and A549 (lung cancer) with IC50 values less than 50 \u03bcg\/mL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14203158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T10:37:14Z","timestamp":1760438234000},"page":"3158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimization of the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Metabolomic Profile of Licaria armeniaca"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0210-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanalice R.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca R.","family":"Abel\u00e9m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Diogo E.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Central Integrada em Metabol\u00f4mica da Amaz\u00f4nia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5434-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christelle Anne N. P.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1365-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Luis B.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66095-015, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laine Celestino","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neuropatologia Experimental, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiza Helena","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biotecnologia Aplicada \u00e0 Agricultura, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz\u00f4nia, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-4058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton Nascimento da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Central Integrada em Metabol\u00f4mica da Amaz\u00f4nia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Wender P.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Central Integrada em Metabol\u00f4mica da Amaz\u00f4nia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (BIONORTE-Par\u00e1), Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce Kelly R. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Flora e Funga do Brasil (2025, July 22). 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