{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:32:35Z","timestamp":1789068755140,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Hebei Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C2024407014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2024407014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings are prone to excessive growth in summer, especially severe overgrowth of the embryo axis. Paclobutrazol is a plant growth inhibitor that regulates the balance of hormones in plants and delays their growth. In this study, 200 mg\u00b7L\u22121 paclobutrazol was sprayed onto highly homozygous inbred strain DH tomato seedlings at the two-leaf stage, which led to a significant reduction in the length of the epicotyl, an increase in the number of cells, a close cell arrangement, and a reduction in cell size. To study the mechanism by which paclobutrazol dwarfs the epicotyl of tomatoes, we utilized a combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome to identify potential candidate genes and regulatory pathways. The results revealed that after paclobutrazol treatment, both the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were jointly annotated. In addition, plant hormones and sucrose metabolism pathways were also discovered using transcriptome analysis. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase\/hydrolases (XTHs), small auxin-up RNAs (SAURs) and invertase family-related genes were detected, which can serve as key candidate genes for the subsequent analysis of epicotyl dwarfism in tomato plants. These results provide a framework for understanding the metabolic processes underlying epicotyl dwarfism and a foundation for preventing tomato seedling overgrowth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14213311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T03:44:39Z","timestamp":1761795879000},"page":"3311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Paclobutrazol-Induced Dwarfism in Tomato Epicotyls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Junqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066600, China"},{"name":"Hebei Higher Institute Application 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Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066600, China"},{"name":"Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9488-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingbin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066600, China"},{"name":"Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066600, China"},{"name":"Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066600, China"},{"name":"Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujie","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066600, China"},{"name":"Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuncheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao 066600, China"},{"name":"Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and 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