{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:20:33Z","timestamp":1792182033009,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012725","name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22037.25-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22037.25-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Secihti M\u00e9xico"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional medicine because of their bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. The semidesert Mexican species Flourensia cernua, Artemisia ludoviciana, and Phoradendron californicum have been traditionally employed as infusions for gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, chemical composition, infusion extraction, phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacity, and antiparasitic and antibacterial activity were evaluated. The extracts were characterized via HPLC\u2013MS, encapsulated in agar\u2013agar beads, and subjected to in vitro simulated digestion. A. ludoviciana presented the highest content of hydrolysable and condensed tannins (5473.33 \u00b1 305.5 mg GAE\/100 g; 959.58 \u00b1 14.6 mg CE\/100 g, respectively). F. cernua presented the highest flavonoid concentration (582.67 \u00b1 16.90 mg CE\/100 g). The highest antioxidant activity was observed in P. californicum (IC50 74.18 \u00b1 18.43 \u03bcg TE\/mL in DPPH; IC50 333.38 \u00b1 56.36 \u03bcg TE\/mL in ABTS). In terms of antiparasitic effects, A. ludoviciana extracts presented the lowest IC50 value (0.51 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/mL), indicating the highest antiparasitic activity. Antibacterial assays revealed that F. cernua had the greatest inhibitory effect on E. coli (79.60%) and S. aureus (78.40%). Encapsulation preserved extract integrity, although simulated digestion resulted in limited compound release, with hydrolysable tannins being the most released. Overall, P. californicum presented the strongest antioxidant response, and encapsulation was confirmed as an effective strategy to preserve extract integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14223448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T10:56:27Z","timestamp":1762858587000},"page":"3448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Encapsulation and Digestive Evaluation of Infusion Extracts from Semi-Desert Mexican Plants: Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactivities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5188-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Juli\u00e1n-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocesses & Bioproducts Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariela R.","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional CONAHCYT de Apoyo a la Evaluaci\u00f3n de Productos Bi\u00f3ticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/I.T. de Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles 79010, San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5867-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crist\u00f3bal N.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocesses & Bioproducts Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5971-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresinha Gon\u00e7alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 54740-520, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Torres-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center and Ethnobiological Garden, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Viesca 27480, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6595-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"Ascacio-Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocesses & Bioproducts Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2596-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocesses & Bioproducts Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7983-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Aguilar-Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional CONAHCYT de Apoyo a la Evaluaci\u00f3n de Productos Bi\u00f3ticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/I.T. de Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles 79010, San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6535-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica L.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocesses & Bioproducts Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamorro-Cevallos, G., Mojica-Villegas, M.A., Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, Y., P\u00e9rez-Guti\u00e9rrez, S., Madrigal-Santill\u00e1n, E., Vargas-Mendoza, N., Morales-Gonz\u00e1lez, J.A., and Crist\u00f3bal-Luna, J.M. 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