{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:24:16Z","timestamp":1790900656108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technology Innovation Special Fund of Jiangsu Province for Carbon Dioxide Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality","award":["BE2022305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022305"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["KYCX25_1362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX25_1362"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007825","name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024132088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024132088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biochar- and hydrochar-amended organic fertilizers are widely used to enhance saline\u2013alkali soil fertility and crop production. However, their effects on ammonia (NH3) volatilization from saline\u2013alkali soils remain unclear. Here, we conducted a pot experiment to investigate the impacts of organic fertilizer (OF), and of that with biochar (BC-OF) and hydrochar (HC-OF) amendments at a rate of 15% on crop production, on soil fertility and NH3 loss in saline\u2013alkali soil with rice\u2013wheat rotation, using chemical fertilizer alone as the control (CK). Compared with CK, OF, BC-OF, and HC-OF increased the rice and wheat yields. In particular, HC-OF harvested a significant 16.6% more grain yield than OF (p &lt; 0.05). Organic fertilizer amendments exerted a general mitigating effect on the NH3 volatilization during different observations after nitrogen (N) fertilization. Correspondingly, they reduced total NH3 volatilization during the rice season compared to CK. Compared with CK, HC-OF significantly reduced NH3 emissions by 61.6% during the wheat season and 28.3% annually (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, HC-OF treatment reduced total NH3 volatilization in the wheat season by 55.8% and 64.7% compared to OF and BC-OF, respectively. Compared with CK, HC-OF treatment significantly reduced soil pH, while both the BC-OF and HC-OF treatments increased soil total N and ammonium N contents, even surpassing those in the OF treatment. However, no significant differences were observed among treatments in soil electrical conductivity, nitrate, available phosphorus and potassium, as well as organic matter content. In conclusion, HC-OF is more suitable for enhancing crop yield and reducing soil N loss in saline\u2013alkali soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14233616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:50:13Z","timestamp":1764244213000},"page":"3616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Biochar- and Hydrochar-Amended Organic Fertilizer on Crop Production, NH3 Loss, and Fertility of Coastal Saline\u2013Alkali Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"National Positional Observatory for the Changjiang River Delta Farmland Protection Forest Ecosystem, Jiangsu Province, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0177-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"National Positional Observatory for the Changjiang River Delta Farmland Protection Forest Ecosystem, Jiangsu Province, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"National Positional Observatory for the Changjiang River Delta Farmland Protection Forest Ecosystem, Jiangsu Province, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2016.09.033","article-title":"Groundwater seepage controls salinity in a hydrologically terminal basin of semi-arid northwest Australia","volume":"542","author":"Skrzypek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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