{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:14:56Z","timestamp":1791980096483,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation,"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Soil Sciences at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro"},{"name":"Carlos Chagas Filho Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) project","award":["E-26\/202. 546\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/202. 546\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Carlos Chagas Filho Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) project","award":["E-26\/202.820\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/202.820\/2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["88887.613720\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.613720\/2021-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1585319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1585319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["88882.157.192\/2017-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88882.157.192\/2017-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a pulse crop, mung beans are associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which can improve soil fertility, lower the need for nitrogen fertilizers, and increase yield and soil quality for subsequent harvests. This study aimed to identify effective rhizobial inoculants for mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) by evaluating selected strains for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under controlled (axenic) conditions. Cowpea, soybean, and common bean strains were tested as mung beans inoculants under axenic conditions. Promising strains were then tested in the field to assess grain yield and to quantify nitrogen fixation using the 15N natural abundance method. The cowpea strain BR 3302 (Bradyrhizobium viridifuturi) increased mung bean yield by 18%, achieving results similar to a 240 kg N ha\u22121 fertilizer application. The soybean strain BR 96 (B. elkanii) facilitated the highest nitrogen fixation (35.3 kg N ha\u22121), significantly surpassing the contribution of indigenous diazotrophic bacteria (18.5 kg N ha\u22121). Interestingly, BR 3302 appeared to primarily enhance nitrogen uptake from the soil (65% of plant N), indicating the presence of other potential plant growth-promoting mechanisms beyond nitrogen fixation. This research demonstrates that Bradyrhizobium strains can benefit mung beans through both enhanced nitrogen fixation and additional growth-promoting mechanisms, offering a sustainable approach to improve mung beans production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14233695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T15:14:06Z","timestamp":1764861246000},"page":"3695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Harnessing Rhizobial Inoculation for Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dieini Melissa Teles dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rond\u00f4nia, Campus Colorado do Oeste, Vilhena 76993-000, RO, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Soil, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcio Oliosi","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (INCAPER), S\u00e3o Gabriel da Palha 29780-000, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Carneiro","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6748-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia da Costa Rodrigues dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline Carvalho de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Resource Center, CRB, Embrapa Agrobiology, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-970, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5129-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josimar Nogueira","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Campos dos Goytacazes, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28022-560, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willian","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Campos dos Goytacazes, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28022-560, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Plant Science, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8106-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Everaldo","family":"Zonta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3601-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Segundo","family":"Urquiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agrobiology, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-970, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2174-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma Gouv\u00eaa","family":"Rumjanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agrobiology, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-970, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8770-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Ribeiro","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agrobiology, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-970, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Rawal, V., and Navarro, D.K. 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