{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:53:30Z","timestamp":1792029210776,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tianshan Talent Training Program","award":["2023TSYCLJ0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TSYCLJ0043"]}]},{"name":"Major science and technology program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2025A03007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A03007"]}]},{"name":"Tianchi Talent Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["5105250183s"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5105250183s"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk ex Fisch. &amp; C.A.Mey. (Yi Beimu) is a culturally significant Beimu drug in Northwest China, officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and traditionally used to clear heat, moisten the lung, resolve phlegm, and relieve cough and wheeze. This narrative, critical review synthesizes current evidence on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics\/toxicology, and conservation of F. pallidiflora to support sustainable, evidence-based development. Literature was retrieved from major English and Chinese databases and screened for studies that unambiguously involved Yi Beimu or its key constituents. Ethnomedicinal records consistently support antitussive, expectorant, and anti-asthmatic use in Xinjiang and the Ili River Valley. Chemically, F. pallidiflora is rich in cevanine-type steroidal alkaloids (e.g., imperialine, peimine, yibeinones), steroidal saponins (pallidiflosides), polysaccharides, and minor phenolics. Preclinical data show that alkaloids relax airway smooth muscle, suppress inflammatory mediators, and contribute to antitussive and anti-asthmatic effects, while polysaccharides and total alkaloid extracts exhibit antioxidant and cytoprotective activity in cell and animal models of airway injury. Additional studies report cytotoxic saponins and seed-derived antimicrobial peptides. Pharmacokinetic work highlights low to moderate and variable oral bioavailability, shaped by P-glycoprotein efflux and CYP-mediated metabolism, and reveals potential hERG channel inhibition for peimine as a cardiac safety concern. Overharvesting and habitat loss have reduced wild resources, underscoring the need for conservation, cultivation, and marker-guided quality control. Overall, Yi Beimu shows credible ethnopharmacological rationale and promising multi-target pharmacology for respiratory disorders, but translation will require bioactivity-guided isolation coupled with PK\u2013PD-guided in vivo studies, rigorous safety evaluation, and conservation-aware cultivation to move from traditional remedy toward validated therapeutic resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14243771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:17:27Z","timestamp":1765451847000},"page":"3771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk ex Fisch. &amp; C.A.Mey. (Yi Beimu): Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Insights, and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kailibinuer","family":"Aierken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3295-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.52783\/jns.v14.2210","article-title":"Medicinal Plants and Traditional Uses and Modern Applications","volume":"14","author":"Manisha","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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