{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:58:09Z","timestamp":1782907089558,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d Timisoara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) are a rich source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Still, their genotype-dependent variability and ability to enhance antibiotic efficacy remain insufficiently explored. This study compared three Romanian hemp seed cultivars (Lovrin 110, Silvana, and LV 585) extracted by conventional hydroalcoholic extraction (CE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to evaluate their phenolic composition, antimicrobial effects, and synergistic interactions with amoxicillin and miconazole. HPLC identified genotype- and method-dependent differences, with UAE extracts showing substantially higher levels of epicatechin, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, and ferulic acid. These patterns showed stronger antimicrobial inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, confirmed by MIC, fold-reduction, and percent enhancement assays. The most pronounced synergy occurred in Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. PCA revealed two dominant phenolic-activity axes: a rosmarinic\/resveratrol\/ferulic axis associated with potent inhibition in Escherichia coli and C. albicans, and a quercetin-driven axis linked to Gram-positive bacteria. Overall, UAE extracts displayed superior phenolic enrichment and bioactivity, demonstrating that specific phenolic structures\u2014not total phenolic content\u2014govern antimicrobial performance and antibiotic-enhancing potential in hemp seed extracts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:35:27Z","timestamp":1766392527000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phenolic Constituents Drive Antimicrobial and Antibiotic-Enhancing Activities of Cannabis sativa Seed Extracts Obtained by Two Extraction Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1180-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris","family":"Floares (Oarga)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Obistioiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7197-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Hulea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ersilia","family":"Alexa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3520-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marinel Nicolae","family":"Horablaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Agricultural Research and Development Station, Lovrin, Principala Street No. 200, 307260 Lovrin, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0592-6940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina","family":"Berbecea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5545-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Crista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Dehelean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7113-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidora","family":"Radulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farinon, B., Molinari, R., Costantini, L., and Merendino, N. 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