{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:56:56Z","timestamp":1784548616892,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to develop a sustainable approach for isolating bioactive lipophilic components from Taraxacum officinale flowers using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) and to assess the effect of adding 5% ethanol (EtOH) as a co-solvent on extraction yield, in vitro antioxidant capacity in CUPRAC and ABTS assays (TEACCUPRAC and TEACABTS), total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, \u03b2-carotene concentration, and photoprotective potential, expressed as the sun protection factor (SPF). SFE-CO2 at 35 MPa and 40 \u00b0C resulted in 50% of the total yield within 15 min, with equilibrium reached after 120 min (final yield of 4.6 g\/100 g flowers). Co-solvent addition increased yield by ~50% and shortened extraction time. The EtOH-modified extract exhibited markedly higher antioxidant activity, with a 2-fold increase in TEACCUPRAC (167 mg TE\/g E), an 11-fold increase in TEACABTS (194 mg TE\/g E), and a 3-fold increase in TPC (91 mg GAE\/g E), along with improved recovery of flavonoids and \u03b2-carotene. Volatile profiling revealed monoterpenoids, aldehydes, and esters as dominant groups, with carvone (14.0\u201316.5%) and dill ether (4.2\u20135.8%) as major contributors to aroma. The SFE-CO2 + 5% EtOH extract achieved the highest SPF value (49.5 at 1 mg\/mL; SPF &gt; 6 at &gt;0.1 mg\/mL), indicating strong photoprotective potential and potential suitability for natural antioxidant and cosmetic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15010099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T08:47:27Z","timestamp":1766998047000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In Vitro Antioxidant, Photoprotective, and Volatile Compound Profile of Supercritical CO2 Extracts from Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) Flowers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Janina","family":"Sutkaitien\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvil\u0117n\u0173 Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1634-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail","family":"Syrpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvil\u0117n\u0173 Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6063-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petras Rimantas","family":"Venskutonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvil\u0117n\u0173 Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaida","family":"Kitryt\u0117-Syrpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvil\u0117n\u0173 Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gupta, A.K., Kumar, V., Naik, B., and Mishra, P. 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