{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T21:55:01Z","timestamp":1780696501500,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cAgencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo\u201d (ANID), Chile","award":["VIU24P0065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIU24P0065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis are the causal agents of bacterial canker in cherry and walnut blight, respectively, which cause significant production losses worldwide. These diseases have traditionally been controlled by copper-based agrochemicals and, more recently, antibiotics. However, the prolonged use of these compounds has led to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. The search for new, efficient, and environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives has intensified. Phages are promising candidates due to their ability to specifically infect and lyse bacterial pathogens. Endolysin enzymes are responsible for bacterial cell wall degradation, and although they have been extensively studied in medical and veterinary contexts, their application in agriculture remains limited. In this study, 17 putative endolysins were identified from bacteriophages infecting X. arboricola pv. juglandis and P. syringae pv. syringae. Based on conserved domain analyses, 12 were classified as glycosidases, four as amidases, and one as an endopeptidase. From these, a recombinant amidase (LysP) and a recombinant glycosidase (LysX) were expressed in E. coli, purified, and evaluated as pure enzymes. Both endolysins exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, reducing P. syringae pv. syringae viability by 62\u201378.3% and X. arboricola pv. juglandis viability by 51.5\u201353.1%, respectively. These findings highlight these recombinant endolysins as promising candidates for the development of biocontrol strategies against bacterial plant pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15030431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:35:46Z","timestamp":1769783746000},"page":"431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial Activity of LysX and LysP Endolysins Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8671-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology and Agro-Food Systems Innovation Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Av. El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology and Agro-Food Systems Innovation Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Av. El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2770-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Zamorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Virology and Bacteriology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9372-9153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melisa","family":"Alegr\u00eda-Arcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Data Science (NIDS), Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Negocios, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Rep\u00fablica 71, Piso 3,  Santiago 7500658, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7099-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Blondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Virology and Bacteriology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6494-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Virology and Bacteriology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2395-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Tobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Ilabaca-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology and Agro-Food Systems Innovation Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Av. El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-1512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assunta","family":"Bertaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Alma Mater Studiorum<\/i>\u2014University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gast\u00f3n","family":"Higuera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology and Agro-Food Systems Innovation Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Av. El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez Hidalgo, S.A. (2012). 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