{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:51:26Z","timestamp":1787237486860,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FLPP project","award":["lzp-2022\/1-0599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzp-2022\/1-0599"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the potential of branches of black chokeberry, sea buckthorn, and black currant as raw materials for the development of pharmacologically active compounds, primarily oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), as they exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc. Branch biomass collected in spring and autumn of 2023\u20132025 was analyzed for its functional group profile and used for the isolation of OPCs with ethanol, an ethanol\u2013water mixture (1:1, v\/v), and an ethanol\u2013acetone\u2013water mixture (4:1:5, v\/v\/v). The highest yield of OPCs (up to 14% of DB) was achieved using the ethanol\u2013acetone\u2013water solvent mixture. Using LC-MS\/MS, the OPC composition was analyzed and found to consist of dimers (m\/z 577), trimers (m\/z 865), and tetramers (m\/z 1153). The maximum OPC content was observed in autumn samples. Mechanical pretreatment enhanced OPC accessibility by disrupting cell walls and increasing particle surface, facilitating release from the matrix and yielding up to 1.2-fold more OPCs than from untreated biomass. Quantification of 22 elements in the biomass by ICP-MS revealed low levels of toxic metals along with the presence of nutritionally relevant elements. Therefore, from a chemical safety perspective, biomass can be considered suitable for use as a source of OPCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15030472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:03:29Z","timestamp":1770113009000},"page":"472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Valorization of Sea Buckthorn, Black Chokeberry, and Black Currant Branch Biomass as a Novel Source of Bioactive Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sarmite","family":"Janceva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lignin Chemistry, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liga","family":"Petersone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalija","family":"Zaharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lignin Chemistry, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Schastnaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lignin Chemistry, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gints","family":"Rieksts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lignin Chemistry, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7177-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Andersone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lignin Chemistry, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karastergiou, A., Gancel, A.-L., Jourdes, M., and Teissedre, P.-L. 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