{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:13:55Z","timestamp":1792793635719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa no Estado do Rio de Janeiro"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To survive in challenging environments, plants must rapidly activate immune responses while maintaining developmental plasticity and reproductive success. This requires continuous negotiation of limited energy and metabolic resources between growth, development, and defense. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis has emerged as a versatile regulatory mechanism that may integrate immune responses with plant developmental programs. In this review, we summarize accumulating evidence that ubiquitination shapes immune responses at multiple regulatory levels. Many of these immune-regulatory mechanisms depend on ubiquitin-dependent pathways that also govern developmental processes and cell cycle regulation. This overlap points to shared molecular nodes that integrate defense with growth. This functional overlap provides a mechanistic basis for growth\u2013defense trade-offs and highlights how plants optimize fitness under stress conditions. Together, these findings position ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis as a unifying regulatory framework through which plants integrate immune responses with developmental programs and cell cycle control. This coordination helps maintain resilience and productivity in a fluctuating environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15030506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T11:10:38Z","timestamp":1770376238000},"page":"506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis as a Regulator of the Plant Defense-Growth Balance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1971-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Fran\u00e7a","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline K\u00f6hn","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0619-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo de Miranda","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Silva","family":"Hemerly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssu049","article-title":"Growth-Defense Tradeoffs in Plants: A Balancing Act to Optimize Fitness","volume":"7","author":"Huot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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