{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:18:54Z","timestamp":1770977934959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1200610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1220075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1220075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calophyllum spp. infusions are used to treat varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and hypertension. However, the chemical composition and mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and vascular effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Calophyllum longifolium. Phytochemical profiling was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Extract effects on rat aortic rings and aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were evaluated using wire myography and photometric measurement of intracellular Ca2+, respectively. UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS revealed the presence of coumarins, xanthones, flavonoids, triterpenes, and phenolic acids. Coumarin\u2013resveratrol hybrids, such as gut-70 derivatives, were also abundant. In aortic rings from normotensive rats, C. longifolium induced a biphasic vascular response whereby low concentrations (1 \u03bcg\/mL) produced significant vascular relaxation, whereas high concentrations (100 \u03bcg\/mL) produced contraction. Blockade of ATP-sensitive (KATP) or voltage-gated (KV) potassium channels attenuated these effects. Furthermore, effects were not observed in preparations preincubated with L-NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or in endothelium-denuded rings. In aortic VSMCs, extracts (1 \u00b5g\/mL) rapidly reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content. This study provides the first UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS chemical profile of C. longifolium, revealing diverse bioactive metabolites. It is also the first to demonstrate that C. longifolium exerts an endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide- and Ca2+-mediated biphasic effect on vascular function. Taken together, these findings highlight C. longifolium as a potential novel source of vasculotropic phytopharmaceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15040594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:09:19Z","timestamp":1770973759000},"page":"594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Profiling and Vascular Effects of a Hydroalcoholic Extract of Calophyllum longifolium Willd: Role of Nitric Oxide and Potassium Channels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2376-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Aravena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6426-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristi\u00e1n A.","family":"V\u00e9liz-Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0981-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela V.","family":"Aguirre-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8562-0078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Benites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Medicinal, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Greensmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3332-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5922-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredi","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Biom\u00e9dico, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4552-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario J.","family":"Simirgiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4874-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank R.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos 16002, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Asunci\u00f3n-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n M.","family":"Quispe-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto O.","family":"Yba\u00f1ez-Julca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, 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