{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T10:19:24Z","timestamp":1771496364375,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysoxylum fraserianum (A.Juss.) Benth. (Meliaceae), commonly known as Australian rosewood, is a rare species endemic to the subtropical rainforests of New South Wales, whose hardwood is used for essential oil (EO) extraction. Despite its commercial relevance, an updated pharmacognostic characterisation of this species is lacking. This study aimed to provide an integrated analysis of the micromorphological, chemical, and biological features of D. fraserianum hardwood and its EO. Anatomical investigations revealed diffuse-porous wood and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, while histochemical tests showed vessel occlusions with polysaccharide-rich gums, and confirmed the presence of lipophilic extractives within banded axial parenchyma cells. GC\u2013MS and GC-FID analyses identified 52 sesquiterpenes, with ledene (12.74%), \u03b2-caryophyllene (8.43%), and \u03b4-cadinene (7.18%) as major constituents, reflecting the chemotaxonomic traits of the Meliaceae family. The EO exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in multiple in vitro assays and showed moderate antibacterial activity with a bacteriostatic effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. No fungicidal activity was detected against Candida albicans. These findings confirm the phytochemical uniqueness of D. fraserianum EO and support its biological relevance, offering a modern scientific basis for its potential use in pharmacological and industrial applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15040644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:51:09Z","timestamp":1771491069000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Australian Rainforest Rosewood: From Wood Characteristics to Chemical Profile and Biological Activity of Its Essential Oil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Polito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cornara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0781-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Malaspina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"La Neve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erminia","family":"La Camera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Trevena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Essentially Australia, Byron Bay, NSW 2481, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4358-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Trombetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1070-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo De","family":"Feo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Smeriglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IUCN (2026, February 03). 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