{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:31:35Z","timestamp":1787610695658,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S-NORDFORSK-23-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-NORDFORSK-23-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Finding safe and efficient plant protection measures is one of the major challenges in horticulture. This study evaluated the biological effects of the Thymus vulgaris essential oil and of Bacillus halotolerans and B. velezensis bacterial mixture on strawberry growth and fruit quality properties, as well as on Botrytis cinerea severity. The experiment was conducted in a high-tunnel greenhouse with the strawberry cv. Sonsation. Treatments: (1) Control\u2014untreated; (2) Bacteria\u2014with Bacillus halotolerans and B. velezensis, four times during flowering; (3) Thyme I\u2014T. vulgaris essential oil (EO), four times during flowering; (4) Thyme II\u2014T. vulgaris EO, four applications supplemented by three additional applications during fruit ripening; (5) Biofungicide I\u2014Bacillus subtilis QST 713, four times supplemented by three applications; (6) Biofungicide II\u2014Clonostachys rosea J1446, four times during flowering. In the first year (2023), the highest total yield was observed in Thyme II, and in the second year (2024), the highest total yield was observed in Thyme I. The results did not reveal any visual phytotoxic effect on plant leaves. The average fruit diameter increased from 28 mm up to 31 mm in 2023 and from 35 mm to 39 mm in 2024. The average soluble solids content increased from 9.4 to 11.4 \u00b0Brix in 2023 and from 7.2 to 7.7 \u00b0Brix in 2024. The highest ascorbic acid content in 2023 was observed in Biofungicide II and Biofungicide I treatments, respectively, 79.9 mg % and 75.4 mg %. Similarly, in 2024, the highest ascorbic acid content was observed in Bacteria, Biofungicide I, and Biofungicide II treatments\u201439.3\u201340.2 mg %. In vitro, the lowest B. cinerea severity on strawberry leaves in 2023 was recorded in Thyme I and Thyme II treatments (~6\u20137%), while in 2024, the severity in these treatments was higher \u221220\u201322%. Thyme treatment showed a stable reduction in B. cinerea on leaves in vitro over both years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15060929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:35:08Z","timestamp":1773819308000},"page":"929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Influence of Biological Measures on Strawberry Plant Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neringa","family":"Rasiukevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas District, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armina","family":"Morkeli\u016bn\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas District, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0649-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrida","family":"Ma\u017eeikien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orchard Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas District, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2116-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiga","family":"Birzleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas District, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juozas","family":"Lanauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orchard Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas District, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0496-9647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alma","family":"Valiu\u0161kait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas District, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.08.009","article-title":"The strawberry: Composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health","volume":"28","author":"Giampieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-018-1513-9","article-title":"Risks for Infection of Strawberry Plants with an Aerosolized Inoculum of Xanthomonas fragariae","volume":"152","author":"Evenhuis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19497","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19497","article-title":"Regulation of fruit quality formation in strawberry: From omics to biotechnology","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.41.6.1423","article-title":"Strawberry (Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa Duch.) growth and productivity as affected by temperature","volume":"41","author":"Kadir","year":"2006","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x","article-title":"Botrytis cinerea: The cause of grey mould disease","volume":"8","author":"Williamson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x","article-title":"The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology","volume":"13","author":"Dean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber, R.W.S., and Petridis, A. (2023). Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis spp. and Regional Strategies for Its Management in Northern European Strawberry Production. BioTech, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech12040064"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aambs.2014.09.001","article-title":"Chapter two: The evolution of fungicide resistance","volume":"90","author":"Lucas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12154-014-0113-1","article-title":"The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis as a case study","volume":"7","author":"Hahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141897","article-title":"Comprehensive toxicological multi-year study on pesticides in apples: Control, trends and dietary risk assessment","volume":"464","author":"Jankowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141ozowicka, B., Kaczy\u0144ski, P., Jankowska, M., Rutkowska, E., Iwaniuk, P., Konecki, R., Rogowska, W., Zhagyparova, A., Absatarova, D., and \u0141uniewski, S. (2025). Evaluation of Broad-Spectrum Pesticides Based on Unified Multi-Analytical Procedure in Fruits and Vegetables for Acute Health Risk Assessment. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14142528"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2007.12.009","article-title":"Bacillus lipopeptides: Versatile weapons for plant disease biocontrol","volume":"16","author":"Ongena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cawoy, H., Bettiol, W., Fickers, P., and Ongena, M. (2011). Bacillus-based biological control of plant diseases. Pesticides in the Modern World\u2014Pesticides Use and Management, InTech, University Campus STeP Ri.","DOI":"10.5772\/17184"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, B., Vater, J., Rueckert, C., Blom, J., Lehmann, M., Ru, J.-J., Chen, X.-H., Wang, Q., and Borriss, R. (2013). Polymyxin P is the active principle in suppressing phytopathogenic Erwinia spp. by the biocontrol rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa M-1. BMC Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-137"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsotetsi, T., Nephali, L., Malebe, M., and Tugizimana, F. (2022). Bacillus for Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Resilience: What Have We Learned?. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11192482"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310896.","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2024.2310896","article-title":"Productivity, biocontrol and postharvest fruit quality of strawberry cultivar \u2018Clery\u2019 using plant growth promoting microorganisms","volume":"10","author":"Zec","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.146423","article-title":"Preharvest application of Bacillus velezensis 12Y improves strawberry fruit quality and storability","volume":"495","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakielska, M., Feledyn-Szewczyk, B., Berbe\u0107, A.K., and Fr\u0105c, M. (2024). Microbial Biopreparations and Their Impact on Organic Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Yields and Fungal Infestation. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16177559"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.24326\/asphc.2025.5492","article-title":"Effects of Bacterial Inoculants and Irrigation Regimes on Yield, Mycorrhizal Colonisation, and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Srawberry Cultivars","volume":"24","author":"Derkowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008767719691","article-title":"Foliar application of acibenzolar-S-methyl and protection of postharvest Rock melons and Hami melons from disease","volume":"106","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127268","article-title":"Essential oils: A promising eco-friendly food preservative","volume":"330","author":"Falleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17043989","article-title":"Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties","volume":"17","author":"Juliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2006.08.001","article-title":"Maintaining postharvest quality of fresh produce with volatile compounds","volume":"8","author":"Tzortzakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.05.052","article-title":"Application of essential oils as multi-target fungicides for the control of Geotrichum citri-aurantii and other postharvest pathogens of citrus","volume":"61","author":"Regnier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Backer, R., Rokem, J.S., Ilangumaran, G., Lamont, J., Praslickova, D., Ricci, E., Subramanian, S., and Smith, D.L. (2018). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Context, Mechanisms of Action, and Roadmap to Commercialization of Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01473"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rouphael, Y., and Colla, G. (2020). Editorial: Biostimulants in Agriculture. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00040"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vishwakarma, K., Kumar, N., Shandilya, C., Mohapatra, S., Bhayana, S., and Varma, A. (2020). Revisiting Plant\u2013Microbe Interactions and Microbial Consortia Application for Enhancing Sustainable Agriculture: A Review. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.560406"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soppelsa, S., Cellini, A., Donati, I., Buriani, G., Spinelli, F., and Andreotti, C. (2024). Green Alternatives for the Control of Fungal Diseases in Strawberry: In-Field Optimization of the Use of Elicitors, Botanical Extracts and Essential Oils. Horticulturae, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202408.1682.v1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(97)01018-2","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0682-z","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in the mediterranean diet","volume":"36","author":"Visioli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camele, I., Elshafie, H.S., Caputo, L., and De Feo, V. (2019). Anti-quorum Sensing and Antimicrobial Effect of Mediterranean Plant Essential Oils Against Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02619"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2016.08.003","article-title":"Induced resistance to control postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables","volume":"122","author":"Romanazzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirzad, H., Alirezalu, A., Alirezalu, K., Yaghoubi, M., Ghorbani, B., Pateiro, M., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2021). Effect of Aloysia citrodora Essential Oil on Biochemicals, Antioxidant Characteristics, and Shelf Life of Strawberry Fruit during Storage. Metabolites, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11050256"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146","article-title":"Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world","volume":"51","author":"Isman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10341-025-01402-x","article-title":"How Deficit Irrigation and Salicylic Acid Treatments Affect Plant Growth and Fruit Production in Summer\u2013Fall Production of \u2018San Andreas\u2019 Strawberry","volume":"67","author":"Dakheel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Fruit Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mounaimi, S., Hamim, A., Boukhari, M.E.M.E., Elarroussi, H., and Lyamlouli, K. (2024). A comprehensive review of integrating biostimulants and biopesticides for organic berry farming: Exploring challenges and opportunities for Africa. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2024.1452823"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1515\/pjfns-2016-0013","article-title":"Postharvest Treatments with Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid for Maintaining Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Sensory Quality Properties of Apricot Fruit during Cold Storage and Shelf-Life","volume":"67","author":"Ezzat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, S., Kim, T.Y., Won, S.-J., Moon, J.-H., Ajuna, H.B., Kim, K.Y., and Ahn, Y.S. (2022). Control of Fungal Diseases and Fruit Yield Improvement of Strawberry Using Bacillus velezensis CE 100. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020365"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00178.x","article-title":"Bioactive compounds in berries relevant to human health","volume":"67","author":"Battino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"265","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea from Strawberry in Lithuania","volume":"105","author":"Rugienius","year":"2018","journal-title":"\u017demdirb.-Agric."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b00857","article-title":"Promising health benefits of the strawberry: A focus on clinical studies","volume":"64","author":"Afrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atech.2024.100481","article-title":"Early detection of Botrytis cinerea symptoms using deep learning multi-spectral image segmentation","volume":"8","author":"Giakoumoglou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Agric. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EPPO (2015). PP 1\/16 (3) Botryotinia fuckeliana on strawberries. EPPO Bull., 45, 333\u2013335.","DOI":"10.1111\/epp.12239"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-019-0246-3","article-title":"Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production","volume":"52","author":"Isah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2019.03.004","article-title":"A review on the plant microbiome: Ecology, functions, and emerging trends in microbial application","volume":"19","author":"Compant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasiukevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, N., Morkeli\u016bn\u0117, A., Ma\u017eeikien\u0117, I., Lanauskas, J., and Valiu\u0161kait\u0117, A. (2025). Alternative Plant Protection Strategies Using Bacteria and Thyme to Improve Strawberry (cv. Elsanta) Yield and Quality. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14121827"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma\u017eeikien\u0117, I., Frercks, B., Kurgonait\u0117, M., Rasiukevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, N., and Ma\u010dionien\u0117, I. (2025). Genomic Insights into Vaccinium spp. Endophytes B. halotolerans and B. velezensis and Their Antimicrobial Potential. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146677"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EPPO (2009). PP 1\/90 (3): Regulation of growth in strawberry. EPPO Bull., 39, 254\u2013256.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2338.2009.02303.x"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.111656","article-title":"Innovative approach to sunlight activated biofungicides for strawberry crop protection: ZnO nanoparticles","volume":"203","author":"Luksiene","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EPPO (2014). PP 1\/135 (4) Phytotoxicity assessment. EPPO Bull., 44, 265\u2013273.","DOI":"10.1111\/epp.12134"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Helrich, K. (1990). Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in vitamin preparations and juices. Official Analytical Chemists, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.. [15th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau\u017eik\u0117, K., Sutulien\u0117, R., Va\u0161takait\u0117-Kairien\u0117, V., and Brazaityt\u0117, A. (2025). The Combined Effect of Lighting and Zinc on the Nutritional Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown in Hydroponics. Horticulturae, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11030284"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/6\/929\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:15:17Z","timestamp":1773983717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/6\/929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["plants15060929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants15060929","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]}}}