{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:20:44Z","timestamp":1773933644027,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Justicia spicigera is a central medicinal plant in Mexican ethnomedicine, yet its therapeutic potential against prostate cancer remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of a 50% hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves and stems of J. spicigera on androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Phytochemical profiling via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and LC-MS putatively identified the bioactive flavonoid kaempferitrin within the complex extract. Biological assays, including MTT, trypan blue exclusion, and flow cytometry, revealed that the extract inhibits LNCaP proliferation in a distinct, dose-dependent manner. At a lower concentration (250 \u00b5g\/mL), the extract exerted a primarily cytostatic effect by inducing significant G0\/G1 cell cycle arrest without triggering immediate cell death. Conversely, higher concentrations (\u2265500 \u00b5g\/mL) were potently cytotoxic, reducing cell viability to below 20% and inducing late apoptosis in approximately 58% of the population within 24 h. These results validate the in vitro biological activity of J. spicigera in a specific prostate cancer model. While the concentrations required for cytotoxicity are relatively high, the observed dose-dependent G0\/G1 arrest provides a foundational phenotypic profile for this traditional extract, warranting further investigation into its selectivity and potential as a bioactive scaffold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15060944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:49:24Z","timestamp":1773924564000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytostatic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Justicia spicigera Schltdl. on LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells: Role of G0\/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Phytochemical Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ivette","family":"Bravo-Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica Farmac\u00e9utica Biol\u00f3gica, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltr\u00e1n S\/N, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa 91090, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo Ayala S\/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad An\u00e1huac Quer\u00e9taro, Queretaro Circuito Universidades I, Fracci\u00f3n 2 S\/N, Zibat\u00e1, El Marqu\u00e9s 76246, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1617-5636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo Ayala S\/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marycarmen","family":"God\u00ednez-Victoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Rafael","family":"Ramos-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo Ayala s\/n, Col. 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Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2578-2961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezri","family":"Cruz-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica Farmac\u00e9utica Biol\u00f3gica, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltr\u00e1n S\/N, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa 91090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Rafael","family":"Ramos-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica Farmac\u00e9utica Biol\u00f3gica, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltr\u00e1n S\/N, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa 91090, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo Ayala s\/n, Col. 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