{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:42:07Z","timestamp":1789062127949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pods of pea (Pisum sativum L.), an abundant agroindustry by-product, represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds. To harness these compounds effectively, this study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenols and plant pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) from pea pod waste using response surface methodology, and to evaluate the encapsulation of the resulting extract with a novel pea-based carrier derived from whole pea grain powder. The optimal conditions for the extraction were a time of 45 min, a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:48 (w\/v), and an ethanol concentration of 58.51% (v\/v). The extract obtained under these conditions was encapsulated using pea grain powder and compared with a conventional whey protein carrier. The resulting microencapsulates were characterized in terms of process yield, moisture content, particle size distribution, thermal properties, and phenolic composition. Pea grain powder as a carrier provided higher powder yield, lower moisture content, and improved thermal stability, whereas whey protein allowed slightly higher retention of most bioactive compounds, except for coumaric acid and kaempferol. Overall, these findings highlight pea grain powder as a promising plant-based carrier that supports the valorization of pea pod waste, contributing to the development of sustainable ingredients and a circular economy for legume processing by-products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15070996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:57:34Z","timestamp":1774447054000},"page":"996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pea Within Pea: Microencapsulation of Pea Pod Extract Using Pea Grain Powder as a Sustainable Carrier"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6736-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"\u0106uji\u0107 Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6998-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zorana","family":"Mutavski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6695-2907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Mudri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6727-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Radan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9349-7367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Vuli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smilja","family":"Markovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Sciences of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35\/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2086-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"\u0160avikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0106uji\u0107 Nikoli\u0107, N., Mutavski, Z., \u0160avikin, K., \u017divkovi\u0107, J., Pavlovi\u0107, S., Jones, P., Copperstone, C., Can Aytar, E., Aydin, B., and Van Bavegem, E. (2026). Peas, natural resources for a sustainable future: A Multifaceted review of nutritional, health, environmental, and market perspectives. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1703760"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70017","DOI":"10.1002\/leg3.70017","article-title":"Valorization of pea pod (Pisum sativum L.) waste: Application as a functional ingredient in flatbreads","volume":"6","author":"Sik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Legume Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-024-03636-1","article-title":"Valorization of elderberry pomace using emerging high-pressure technologies: Separation of compounds with different polarities using subcritical H2O, supercritical CO2, and CO2\/H2O\/EtOH mixture","volume":"18","author":"Mutavski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Tech."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2025.102083","article-title":"Green and innovative pressurized liquid extraction as a tool for ginger (Zingiber officinale) herbal dust bioactive compounds recovery","volume":"46","author":"Rojo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"129","article-title":"Effect of blanching time variation on nutritional and functional quality attributes of pea pods","volume":"8","author":"Bellagha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Approaches Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-025-09408-7","article-title":"Complex coacervation of plant-based proteins and polysaccharides: Sustainable encapsulation techniques for bioactive compounds","volume":"17","author":"Alrosan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Eng. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, F., Danielski, R., Santhiravel, S., and Shahidi, F. (2024). Unlocking the nutraceutical potential of legumes and their by-products: Paving the way for the circular economy in the agri-food industry. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060636"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castaldo, L., Izzo, L., Gaspari, A., Lombardi, S., Rodr\u00edguez-Carrasco, Y., Narv\u00e1ez, A., Grosso, M., and Ritieni, A. (2021). Chemical composition of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) pods extracts and their potential exploitation as ingredients in nutraceutical formulations. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010105"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terenzi, C., Bermudez, G., Medri, F., Montanari, S., Bucar, F., and Andrisano, V. (2024). Valorization of legume by-products based on polyphenols and protein contents for potential nutraceutical applications. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121531"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.07.205","article-title":"A review of microencapsulation methods for food antioxidants: Principles, advantages, drawbacks, and applications","volume":"272","author":"Ozkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13426","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13426","article-title":"Impact of thermal processing on polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid in fruit and vegetables and their cardiovascular benefits","volume":"23","author":"Narra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0106uji\u0107 Nikoli\u0107, N., Mutavski, Z., Drakulovi\u0107, D., Markovi\u0107, S., Vuli\u0107, J., Bigovi\u0107, D., and \u0160avikin, K. (2025). Biopolymer-based encapsulation of Adriatic Ulva biomass bioactives: Environmentally friendly technological advance in marine functional ingredients. Front. Mar. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2025.1701293"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101971","article-title":"Encapsulation-based technologies for bioactive compounds and their application in the food industry: A roadmap for food-derived functional and health-promoting ingredients","volume":"50","author":"Alrosan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0106uji\u0107 Nikoli\u0107, N., Jovanovi\u0107, M., Radan, M., Lazarevi\u0107, Z., Bigovi\u0107, D., Markovi\u0107, S., Jovanovi\u0107 Lje\u0161kovi\u0107, N., and \u0160avikin, K. (2024). Development of cyclodextrin-based mono and dual encapsulated powders by spray drying for successful preservation of everlasting flower extract. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070861"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3390\/powders2020019","article-title":"Mixtures of modified starch and rice and pea protein concentrate as wall material in the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil","volume":"2","author":"Perrechil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Powders"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes, A., and Sobral, P.J.d.A. (2021). Plant protein-based delivery systems: An emerging approach for increasing the efficacy of lipophilic bioactive compounds. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010060"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vvaf154","DOI":"10.1093\/ijfood\/vvaf154","article-title":"Pea protein microencapsulation improves probiotic survival during gastrointestinal digestion","volume":"60","author":"McSweeney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/fci2.70013","article-title":"Plant protein-dietary polyphenol interactions: Implications for protein structural and functional properties and digestibility","volume":"1","author":"Mylvaganam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FB00273G","article-title":"Valorization of legume by-products in functional formulations: Phytochemicals and their simulated gastrointestinal fate","volume":"3","author":"Ozkan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustain. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzmanovi\u0107 Nedeljkovi\u0107, S., Radan, M., \u0106uji\u0107 Nikoli\u0107, N., Mutavski, Z., Krgovi\u0107, N., Markovi\u0107, S., Stevi\u0107, T., \u017divkovi\u0107, J., and \u0160avikin, K. (2023). Microencapsulated bilberry and chokeberry leaf extracts with potential health benefits. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12233979"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasti\u0107, N., Mutavski, Z., \u017divkovi\u0107, J., Ambrus, R., Fern\u00e1ndez, N., Menkovi\u0107, N., and Vidovi\u0107, S. (2023). Green processing of black raspberry pomace: Application of sonotrode-based extraction technique and particles from gas-saturated solutions (PGSS) technology. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12203867"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112767","article-title":"Optimization and modelling of gentiopicroside, isogentisin and total phenolics extraction from Gentiana lutea L. roots","volume":"155","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-023-02502-8","article-title":"Ultrasound-Assisted extraction of chlorophyll from pea pod waste: Optimization, kinetics, and stability study","volume":"16","author":"Pooja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umair, M., Jabbar, S., Nasiru, M.M., Lu, Z., Zhang, J., Abid, M., Murtaza, M.A., Kieliszek, M., and Zhao, L. (2021). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from carrot pomace and their optimization through response surface methodology. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226763"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"68","article-title":"Application of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of tocopherols and carotenoids (hydrophobic antioxidants) compared to non-SFE methods","volume":"2","author":"Vafaei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Lima Santos, A.A., Leal, G.F., Marques, M.R., Reis, L.C.C., Junqueira, J.R.d.J., Macedo, L.L., and Corr\u00eaa, J.L.G. (2025). Emerging drying technologies and their impact on bioactive compounds: A systematic and bibliometric review. Appl. Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/app15126653"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oyinloye, T.M., and Yoon, W.B. (2020). Effect of freeze-drying on quality and grinding process of food produce: A review. Processes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8030354"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/07373937.2022.2096060","article-title":"Sour cherry juice concentrate powdered by high and low temperature spray drying with pea protein as a carrier\u2014Physical properties, antioxidant activity and in vitro bioaccessibility","volume":"41","author":"Samborska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dry. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Segovia, P., Igual, M., and Mart\u00ednez-Monz\u00f3, J. (2021). Beetroot microencapsulation with pea protein using spray drying: Physicochemical, structural and functional properties. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11146658"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.05.042","article-title":"Wild blueberry polyphenol-protein food ingredients produced by three drying methods: Comparative physico-chemical properties, phytochemical content, and stability during storage","volume":"235","author":"Correia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24932","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c02358","article-title":"Design, optimization, and characterization of freeze-dried emulsions based on sodium alginate and whey protein isolate intended for cosmetic and dermatological applications","volume":"10","author":"Walendziak","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1051\/dst\/2010013","article-title":"Spray-freeze-drying of whey proteins at sub-atmospheric pressures","volume":"90","author":"Anandharamakrishnan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dairy Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133017","article-title":"Spray-Dried and freeze-dried protein-spinach particles; effect of drying technique and protein type on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phenolics","volume":"388","author":"Grace","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101156","article-title":"Comparative analysis of freeze drying and spray drying methods for encapsulation of chlorophyll with maltodextrin and whey protein isolate","volume":"21","author":"Ledari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"135","article-title":"Effect of freeze-drying and air-drying on the content of carotenoids and anthocyanins in stored purple carrot","volume":"18","author":"Macura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatta, S., Stevanovic Janezic, T., and Ratti, C. (2020). Freeze-drying of plant-based foods. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9010087"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12898","article-title":"P-coumaric acid in cereals: Presence, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects","volume":"50","author":"Boz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866529666220426121324","article-title":"New approaches and advancements in drug development from phenolic p-coumaric acid","volume":"22","author":"Malik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40390-4","article-title":"Microencapsulation by Spray-drying and freeze-drying of extract of phenolic compounds obtained from ciriguela peel","volume":"13","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schefer, S., Oest, M., and Rohn, S. (2021). Interactions between phenolic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates\u2014Influence on dough and bread properties. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112798"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137271","article-title":"Pea protein-p-coumaric acid conjugate-based antioxidant film: The relationship between protein structure and film properties after covalent bonding","volume":"282","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.59797\/jfl.v37.i3.208","article-title":"Application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the analysis of legume grains","volume":"37","author":"Gyeltshen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Legumes"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0260-8774(00)00228-4","article-title":"Hot Air and freeze-drying of high-value foods: A review","volume":"49","author":"Ratti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2009.12.001","article-title":"A new technique for spray drying orange juice concentrate","volume":"11","author":"Goula","year":"2010","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.12.013","article-title":"Anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity of spray-dried a\u00e7ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) juice produced with different carrier agents","volume":"43","author":"Tonon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.11.087","article-title":"Interaction of milk \u03b1- and \u03b2-caseins with tea polyphenols","volume":"126","author":"Hasni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0480290","article-title":"Binding of selected phenolic compounds to proteins","volume":"53","author":"Rawel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.12.013","article-title":"Interactions of polyphenols with carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins","volume":"175","author":"Jakobek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2005.00980.x","article-title":"Flavour encapsulation and controlled release\u2014A review","volume":"41","author":"Madene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2013.11.001","article-title":"Effect of spray drying on the physicochemical properties and color stability of the powdered pigment obtained from vinification byproducts of the bordo grape (Vitis labrusca)","volume":"93","author":"Thomazini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva-Espinoza, M.A., Ayed, C., Foster, T., del Mar Camacho, M., and Mart\u00ednez-Navarrete, N. (2019). The impact of freeze-drying conditions on the physico-chemical properties and bioactive compounds of a freeze-dried orange puree. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9010032"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20130971","article-title":"Microencapsulation: Concepts, mechanisms, methods and some applications in food technology","volume":"44","author":"Fries","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2013.10.008","article-title":"Advances in antioxidant active food packaging","volume":"35","author":"Gavara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2010.08.003","article-title":"Encapsulation of polyphenols\u2014A review","volume":"21","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1039\/B801739P","article-title":"Nano- and micro-structured assemblies for encapsulation of food ingredients","volume":"38","author":"Augustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.132005","article-title":"Effect of whey protein isolate and phenolic copigments in the thermal stability of mulberry anthocyanin extract at an acidic PH","volume":"377","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2012.01.016","article-title":"Thermally-induced \u03b2-lactoglobulin\u2013EGCG nanovehicles: Loading, stability, sensory and digestive-release study","volume":"29","author":"Shpigelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5368","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9078","article-title":"On the thermal behavior of protein isolated from different legumes investigated by DSC and TGA","volume":"98","author":"Ricci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12699","article-title":"Legume Proteins are smart carriers to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria: A review","volume":"20","author":"Gharibzahedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2005.05.003","article-title":"Effect of the carriers on the microstructure of mango powder obtained by spray drying and its functional characterization","volume":"6","author":"Stringheta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/7\/996\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:27:39Z","timestamp":1774448859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/7\/996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["plants15070996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants15070996","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]}}}