{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:40:25Z","timestamp":1787316025311,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan Forestry Department","award":["XLK202401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLK202401"]}]},{"name":"Education Department Key Program of Hunan Province","award":["21A0160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A0160"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Program Project","award":["YLS-2025-ZY02048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YLS-2025-ZY02048"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","award":["61902436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902436"]}]},{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/03zj2rn70","award":["23A0525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A0525"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Camellia oleifera is an economically vital woody oil crop. Its productivity and oil quality are severely compromised by various diseases. Implementing pixel-level lesion segmentation within complex field environments is crucial for advancing precision plant protection. Despite recent progress, existing segmentation methods struggle with three primary challenges: semantic ambiguity arising from evolving pathological stages, blurred boundaries due to overlapping lesions, and the high omission rate of micro-lesions. To address these issues, this paper presents TB-DLossNet (Text-Conditioned Boundary-Aware Network with Dynamic Loss Reweighting), a novel segmentation framework based on semantic-visual multi-modal fusion. Leveraging VMamba as the visual backbone, the proposed model innovatively integrates BERT-encoded structured text as an auxiliary modality to resolve visual ambiguities through cross-modal semantic guidance. Furthermore, a boundary enhancement branch is incorporated alongside a multi-scale deep supervision strategy to mitigate boundary displacement and ensure the topological continuity of lesion structures. To tackle the detection of small-scale targets, we designed a dynamic weight loss function conditioned on lesion area, significantly bolstering the model\u2019s sensitivity to minute pathological features. Additionally, to alleviate the scarcity of high-quality data, we curated a comprehensive multi-modal dataset encompassing seven typical diseases of Camellia oleifera. Experimental results demonstrate that TB-DLossNet achieves a Mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 87.02%, outperforming the state-of-the-art unimodal VMamba and multimodal Lvit by 4.9% and 2.59%, respectively. Qualitative evaluations confirm that our model exhibits lower false-negative rates and superior boundary-fitting precision in heterogeneous field scenarios. Finally, generalization tests on an apple disease dataset further validate the robustness and transferability of the proposed framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15071035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:45:53Z","timestamp":1774615553000},"page":"1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TB-DLossNet: Fine-Grained Segmentation of Tea Leaf Diseases Based on Semantic-Visual Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangying","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800389","article-title":"Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts","volume":"378","author":"Estruch","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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