{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:59:08Z","timestamp":1785405548347,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002573","name":"Yonsei University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2020-0107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2020-0107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["6-2020-0107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2020-0107"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wjejq96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A3A04038150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A3A04038150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2020R1I1A3A04038150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A3A04038150"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Garrya flavescens S. Wats. (GF) has been traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal spasms, yet its bioactivity within the central nervous system remains unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the bioactive constituents of GF and evaluate its anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia. Phytochemical profiling using LC-HRMS and HPLC identified rutin as a primary bioactive component, present at an exceptionally high concentration (9309 \u03bcg\/g). In BV-2 microglial and RAW 264.7 cells, GF treatment significantly suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies revealed that GF specifically modulated the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, Seahorse XF analysis demonstrated that GF restored mitochondrial homeostasis by reducing basal respiration and proton leak while significantly enhancing spare respiratory capacity. Finally, conditioned medium from GF-treated microglia improved the viability of N2A neuronal cells. These findings highlight GF as a potent botanical source with significant neuroprotective potential, offering a promising candidate for functional food or nutraceutical applications targeting neuroinflammatory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15091319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:24:51Z","timestamp":1777317891000},"page":"1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Garrya flavescens: Phytochemical Profiling and Mitigation of LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation via ERK Signaling and Mitochondrial Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5262-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Jeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Healthcare, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohwook","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Healthcare, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalnim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Healthcare, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3888-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahreum","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Healthcare, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4595-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyohee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeran","family":"Ihm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Brain Education, Institute of Brain Education, Sedona, AZ 86336, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1089\/act.2011.17305","article-title":"Spasmolytic Botanicals: Relaxing Smooth Muscle with Herbs","volume":"17","author":"Yarnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Altern. 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