{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:42:04Z","timestamp":1785426124984,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023C02002-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C02002-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023C02002-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C02002-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05yj3y977","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry","award":["2023ZDXT01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDXT01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Copper (Cu) contamination poses severe threats to agricultural productivity and food safety, particularly affecting economically important crops such as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). This study investigated the protective effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against Cu toxicity in four B. napus cultivars. Exposure to Cu (200 \u03bcM) caused severe reductions in growth and photosynthetic efficiency while significantly elevating oxidative stress markers across all cultivars. Application of SeNPs (25 \u03bcM) effectively mitigated these adverse effects, improving biomass, restoring chlorophyll content, and enhancing photosynthetic performance compared to Cu-stressed plants. SeNP treatment significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, with corresponding upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Secondary metabolite profiling revealed cultivar-specific responses, with sensitive cultivar Zheda 622 exhibiting metabolic adaptation and higher volatile organic compound (VOC) accumulation, while tolerant cultivar Zheda 635 maintained metabolic stability. PCA analysis demonstrated distinct metabolic clustering patterns, reflecting differential stress-responsive strategies. The study demonstrates that SeNPs attenuate Cu-induced toxicity through integrated mechanisms encompassing diminished Cu acquisition, augmented antioxidant defense systems, and comprehensive metabolic reprogramming. Cultivar-specific responses highlighted substantial genetic variation in tolerance mechanisms across B. napus genotypes. These findings substantiate SeNPs as a viable and efficacious nanomaterial for sustainable agronomic management in Cu-contaminated edaphic environments. The approach offers dual benefits of improved crop productivity and reduced Cu accumulation, ensuring enhanced food safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15091333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:24:51Z","timestamp":1777317891000},"page":"1333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selenium Nanobiostimulants Attenuate Copper-Induced Oxidative Damage in Brassica napus Through Genotype-Specific Antioxidant and Metabolic Adaptation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sundas","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Arslan","family":"Yousaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Yaseen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1763-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Kamran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5965-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basharat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8930-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2955-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangbin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skhawat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1471-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EN00821A","article-title":"Synergistic effects of exogenous melatonin and zinc oxide nanoparticles in alleviating cobalt stress in Brassica napus: Insights from stress-related markers and antioxidant machinery","volume":"12","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. 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