{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:07:55Z","timestamp":1779253675872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["GZC20252667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20252667"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202301AT070005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301AT070005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) functions as a pivotal gaseous signaling molecule in plants, yet its role in promoting crop yield remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) application, a donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), significantly accelerates growth, promotes flowering, and enhances grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Optimal NaHS treatment increased plant height, root length, and biomass accumulation, concomitant with elevated sucrose, starch, chlorophyll contents, and nitrate reductase activity. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that NaHS reprograms key biological pathways, including photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, the hormone signal transduction pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. NaHS also remodels fatty acid metabolism, significantly increasing unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), and \u03b1-linolenic acid (C18:3n3)\u2014the latter serving as the direct precursor for JA biosynthesis\u2014thereby fueling jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. NaHS treatment also induced ROS accumulation while simultaneously activating antioxidant enzymes, maintaining redox homeostasis, and promoting cell proliferation in root meristems. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that NaHS enlarges peroxisomes and increases chloroplast oil body number, linking organellar dynamics to enhanced JA synthesis and ROS signaling. Collectively, our findings establish NaHS as a novel chemical regulator that coordinates JA and ROS signaling to boost rice growth, flowering, and grain yield, offering a promising strategy to improve crop productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15101438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:14:16Z","timestamp":1778530456000},"page":"1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaHS) Triggers Jasmonate and Reactive Oxygen Species to Boost Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth, Flowering, and Grain Yield"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yongxing","family":"Duo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory for Rice Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.62.223","article-title":"Variation in heading date conceals quantitative trait loci for other traits of importance in breeding selection of rice","volume":"62","author":"Hori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-016-2773-4","article-title":"Genetic control of flowering time in rice: Integration of Mendelian genetics and genomics","volume":"129","author":"Hori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2017.01.008","article-title":"Rapid breeding and varietal replacement are critical to adaptation of cropping systems in the developing world to climate change","volume":"12","author":"Atlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Food Secur."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz364","article-title":"Integrating dynamics of yield traits in rice responding to environmental changes","volume":"71","author":"Nutan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2022.2112648","article-title":"2Gs and plant architecture: Breaking grain yield ceiling through breeding approaches for next wave of revolution in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"44","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.011","article-title":"H2S signaling in plants and applications in agriculture","volume":"24","author":"Corpas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-020-10284-0","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide: A novel gaseous molecule for plant adaptation to stress","volume":"40","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.11.045","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A versatile gaseous molecule in plants","volume":"158","author":"Arif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C.K., Wang, X., Tu, B.J., Li, Y.S., Chen, H., Zhang, Q.Y., and Liu, X.B. (2021). Root K affinity drivers and photosynthetic characteristics in response to low potassium stress in K high-efficiency vegetable soybean. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.732164"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13022","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule in plant stress responses","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s13562-025-00966-9","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a protagonist to regulate metal stress in plants: An overview of physiological steps","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2025.01.023","article-title":"Sculpting the growth\u2013defense trade-off by H2S","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2024.09.002","article-title":"Revealing how plants utilize H2S to relay drought stress signals","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-025-02111-8","article-title":"Exogenous H2S regulates growth, and antioxidative defense in tomato seedlings in a concentration dependent manner under salt stress","volume":"263","author":"Subba","year":"2026","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostofa, M.G., Saegusa, D., Fujita, M., and Tran, L.S. (2015). Hydrogen sulfide regulates salt tolerance in rice by maintaining Na+\/K+ balance, mineral homeostasis and oxidative metabolism under excessive salt stress. Front. Plant Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.01055"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, C.Q., Zhang, J.H., Sun, L.M., Zhu, L.F., Abliz, B., Hu, W.J., Zhong, C., Bai, Z.G., Sajid, H., and Cao, X.C. (2018). Hydrogen sulfide alleviates aluminum toxicity via decreasing apoplast and symplast Al contents in rice. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00294"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"532","article-title":"Physiological and molecular mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide enhancing phosphorus absorption and transportation in rice","volume":"33","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rice Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.02.023","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide enhances rice tolerance to nickel through the prevention of chloroplast damage and the improvement of nitrogen metabolism under excessive nickel","volume":"138","author":"Rizwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.07.038","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide promotes rice drought tolerance via reestablishing redox homeostasis and activation of ABA biosynthesis and signaling","volume":"155","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70013","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70013","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide and ethylene regulate photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and tolerance to heat stress in the presence of sulfur in rice","volume":"176","author":"Alvi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6314","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-025-02532-7","article-title":"Response of Rice Plants to Hydrogen Sulfide Stress: Physiological Mechanisms and Recovery Thresholds","volume":"25","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.109908","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide improves photosynthetic efficiency by regulating light energy dissipation and reversible phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins in rice under salt stress","volume":"224","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2540","article-title":"An OPR3-independent pathway uses 4,5-didehydrojasmonate for jasmonate synthesis","volume":"14","author":"Chini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2015.11.001","article-title":"Jasmonate signaling in plant stress responses and development\u2014Active and inactive compounds","volume":"33","author":"Wasternack","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruan, J.J., Zhou, Y.X., Zhou, M.L., Yan, J., Khurshid, M., Weng, W.F., Cheng, J.P., and Zhang, K.X. (2019). Jasmonic acid signaling pathway in plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102479"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xplc.2021.100231","article-title":"Metabolism, signaling, and transport of jasmonates","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-021-02091-6","article-title":"Role and activity of jasmonates in plants under in vitro conditions","volume":"146","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, R.X., Yu, J.L., Chang, X.R., Qiao, L.P., Liu, X., and Lu, L.F. (2023). Recent advances in research into jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling pathways in agricultural crops and products. Processes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11030736"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.4238\/vol9-1gmr754","article-title":"Jasmonates are phytohormones with multiple functions, including plant defense and reproduction","volume":"9","author":"Avanci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erw495","article-title":"Jasmonate action in plant growth and development","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2022.102197","article-title":"Jasmonate: A hormone of primary importance for plant metabolism","volume":"67","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erac251","article-title":"Jasmonate action and crosstalk in flower development and fertility","volume":"74","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2026.111162","article-title":"Melatonin activates plant defense against root-knot nematodes through the jasmonate pathway","volume":"233","author":"Kordi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"3","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A luminous future in the postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.145428","article-title":"H2S treatment alleviates postharvest chilling injury in green pepper by regulating antioxidant capacity, osmotic regulation and lipid metabolism to maintain cell membrane integrity","volume":"492","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.108880","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide enhances kiwifruit resistance to soft rot by regulating jasmonic acid signaling pathway","volume":"214","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction","volume":"55","author":"Apel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.12.020","article-title":"ROS-mediated redox signaling during cell differentiation in plants","volume":"1850","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-017-2683-y","article-title":"Remodelling of lace plant leaves: Antioxidants and ROS are key regulators of programmed cell death","volume":"246","author":"Dauphinee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2019.10.002","article-title":"ROS and oxidative burst: Roots in plant development","volume":"42","author":"Choudhary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Divers."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, C.J., Zheng, S.Y., Jiang, D.G., Lu, J.Q., Huang, Z.N., Liu, Z.L., Zhou, H., Zhuang, C.X., and Li, J. (2021). Initiation and execution of programmed cell death and regulation of reactive oxygen species in plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312942"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, L.C., Liu, Y.J., Wang, X.Q., Jiang, C., Zhao, Y.Q., Lu, M.Z., and Zhang, J. (2022). Peroxisome-mediated reactive oxygen species signals modulate programmed cell death in plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231710087"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00499-2","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species signalling in plant stress responses","volume":"23","author":"Mittler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haghpanah, M., Namdari, A., Kaleji, M.K., Nikbakht-Dehkordi, A., Arzani, A., and Araniti, F. (2025). Interplay between ROS and hormones in plant defense against pathogens. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14091297"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.020","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of ROS controls transition from proliferation to differentiation in the root","volume":"143","author":"Tsukagoshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, C., Chen, J.P., Wang, X.W., and Li, P. (2025). Reactive oxygen species in plants: Metabolism, signaling, and oxidative modifications. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14060617"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.08.018","article-title":"Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell signaling and function","volume":"81","author":"Lennicke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2014.01.002","article-title":"H2S and its role in redox signaling","volume":"1844","author":"Kabil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa093","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A multi-tasking signal molecule in the regulation of oxidative stress responses","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2022.02.019","article-title":"Abiotic stress-triggered oxidative challenges: Where does H2S act?","volume":"49","author":"Mu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.00009","article-title":"S-sulfhydration: A cysteine posttranslational modification in plant systems","volume":"168","author":"Aroca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju, Y.J., Fu, M., Stokes, E., Wu, L.Y., and Yang, G.D. (2017). H2S-mediated protein S-sulfhydration: A prediction for its formation and regulation. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081334"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corpas, F.J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Gordo, S., Mu\u00f1oz-Vargas, M.A., Rodr\u00edguez-Ruiz, M., and Palma, J.M. (2021). The modus operandi of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)-dependent protein persulfidation in higher plants. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111686"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2025.02.001","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide mechanism of action in plants; from interaction with regulatory molecules to persulfidation of proteins","volume":"156","author":"Mohammadbagherlou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2024.102359","article-title":"Exploring the vital role of phytohormones and plant growth regulators in orchestrating plant immunity","volume":"133","author":"Shafqat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae045","article-title":"Phytohormones in a universe of regulatory metabolites: Lessons from jasmonate","volume":"195","author":"Gasperini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01046-2","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide toxicity inhibits primary root growth through the ROS-NO pathway","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5265","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15110","article-title":"Hydrogen sulphide alleviates root growth inhibition induced by phosphate starvation","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv089","article-title":"Interplay between reactive oxygen species and hormones in the control of plant development and stress tolerance","volume":"66","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s44372-025-00440-9","article-title":"Integrating ROS and plant hormone signaling in response to abiotic stress","volume":"2","author":"Bali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Plants"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-025-03210-3","article-title":"Defining the use of MS medium in plant science research","volume":"162","author":"Conner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y.Q., Han, Q.H., Ding, C.B., Huang, Y., Liao, J.Q., Chen, T., Feng, S.L., Zhou, L.J., Zhang, Z.W., and Chen, Y.E. (2020). Effect of low temperature on chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis of rice seedlings during greening. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041390"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s42994-021-00035-4","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling in plant development and stress responses","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"aBIOTECH"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.05.015","article-title":"UHPLC-MS\/MS based target profiling of stress-induced phytohormones","volume":"105","author":"Miersch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201501239","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of ten phytohormones in Sargassum horneri by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13009","article-title":"miR1432-OsACOT (Acyl-CoA thioesterase) module determines grain yield via enhancing grain filling rate in rice","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2014.11.031","article-title":"Quantification of hydrogen sulfide concentration using methylene blue and 5,5\u2032-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) methods in plants","volume":"554","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"596","article-title":"An improved protocol for whole mount clearing of plant root tip","volume":"55","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Bull. Bot."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.111.093039","article-title":"The apoplastic oxidative burst peroxidase in Arabidopsis is a major component of pattern-triggered immunity","volume":"24","author":"Daudi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayuso, M., Van Cruchten, S., and Van Ginneken, C. (2020). A medium-throughput system for in vitro oxidative stress assessment in IPEC-J2 Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197263"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, B., Huang, W.Y., Liu, Z.Y., Peng, Y.X., Qu, Y.S., Zhou, W.C., Huang, J.J., Shu, H.L., and Wen, Q. (2024). Cytological, physiological, and transcriptome analysis of leaf-yellowing mutant in Camellia chekiangoleosa. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010132"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/10\/1438\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:25:34Z","timestamp":1779251134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/10\/1438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["plants15101438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants15101438","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]}}}