{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:07:53Z","timestamp":1785434873928,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union-Next Generation EU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sambucus ebulus L. berries contain numerous bioactive compounds, but their volatile molecular composition has not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we analyzed the volatile components of the essential oil and aqueous infusion prepared from dried S. ebulus fruits, followed by multitarget in silico analysis of the major compounds against the following enzymes implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, namely cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), for which inhibitory activity of plant-derived compounds has previously been reported. Methods: Steam distillation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) were employed for compound isolation and analysis. Molecular docking studies were performed using Schr\u00f6dinger software (version 2025-1). Results: Fatty acid esters and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone predominated in the essential oil, whereas linalool was identified as the major constituent of the infusion. MAO-A was predicted to be the most favorable interaction target for hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and other major constituents. Conclusions: Our findings expand the currently limited available data on the volatile composition of S. ebulus fruits and characterize the volatile profile of its fruit infusion for the first time. The in silico analyses suggest that S. ebulus volatile constituents may interact with several target enzymes implicated in neurodegeneration and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15121765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:04:14Z","timestamp":1780913054000},"page":"1765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Profiling and In Silico Multitarget Analysis of Volatile Constituents from Sambucus ebulus L. Dried Fruits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7441-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stoyan","family":"Stoyanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivayla","family":"Dincheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiotechnologies, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iliyan","family":"Kolev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8333-035X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil","family":"\u015eenol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, 34093 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momchil","family":"Barbolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mladena","family":"Radeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 15 Doyran Street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7387-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Olczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Radom University, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petyo","family":"Boshnakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Economic Relations, University of Economics\u2013Varna, 77 \u201cKniaz Boris I\u201d Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Yaneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7268-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskan","family":"Tasinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Sambucus ebulus\u2014From Traditional Medicine to Recent Studies","volume":"45","author":"Tasinov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scr. 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