{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:01:49Z","timestamp":1785402109651,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Politecnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20260228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["20260228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260228"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant-parasitic nematodes cause great damage to tomato production, which consequently has a deleterious economic impact on producers. For decades, parasitic control has relied on chemical nematicides with toxic environmental effects. Currently, an emerging option is the use of plant extracts, which offer suitable control of these plant pathogens without causing environmental damage. Therefore, in this study we examine the activity of three plant extracts to reduce the population of plant-parasitic nematodes that cause root gall formation in tomato plants, using in vitro tests and greenhouse experiments. First, a molecular identification of the nematodes was performed, identifying the pathogen species as Meloidogyne incognita and Nacobbus aberrans. Then, different extract concentrations were obtained from plant tissues of Cosmos bipinnatus, Ricinus communis, and Tagetes erecta. It was found that C. bipinnatus extract presented the highest nematode immobility, followed by T. erecta, reducing populations by up to 95 to 100%. Nevertheless, according to the germination tests on tomato seeds, the extracts also seem to have a minimal phytotoxic effect on the development\/first growth stage of tomato plants under greenhouse conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15121872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:58:38Z","timestamp":1781661518000},"page":"1872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Nematicidal and Phytotoxic Potential of Ricinus communis, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Tagetes erecta Plant Extracts in Tomato"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jeisel","family":"Delgado Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Aplicada, Carretera Est. Santa In\u00e9s Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, Km 1.5 Tepetitla de Lardizabal, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda E. Jaramillo","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Ingenier\u00eda Bioqu\u00edmica, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal J. Delgado","family":"Macuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Aplicada, Carretera Est. Santa In\u00e9s Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, Km 1.5 Tepetitla de Lardizabal, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velasco-Azorsa, R., Cruz-Santiago, H., Cid Del Prado-Vera, I., Ram\u00edrez-Mares, M.V., Guti\u00e9rrez-Ortiz, M.D.R., Santos-S\u00e1nchez, N.F., Salas-Coronado, R., Villanueva-Ca\u00f1ongo, C., Lira-de Le\u00f3n, K.I., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Carlos, B. (2021). Chemical Characterization of Plant Extracts and Evaluation of their Nematicidal and Phytotoxic Potential. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082216"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youssef Banora, M. (2023). Impacting of Root-Knot Nematodes on Tomato: Current Status and Potential Horizons for its Managing, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.112868"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"419","article-title":"Effect of Meloidogyne sp. on growth and yield of tomato","volume":"24","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agron. Mesoam."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry, R.N., Moens, M., and Starr, J.L. (2009). Interactions with other pathogens. Root-Knot Nematodes, CABI Publications.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845934927.0000"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"FAO (2022). The Estate of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, FAO."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s, M.F. (2002). Estrategias en el Control y Manejo de Nematodos Fitoparasitarios, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales (CCMA). Available online: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10261\/128310."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2024.105804","article-title":"The combination of chemical fertilizer affected the control efficacy against root-knot nematode and environmental behavior of abamectin in soil","volume":"199","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernard, G.C., Egnin, M., and Bonsi, C. (2017). The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.68958"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e67945","article-title":"A Scientific Review of Pesticides: Classification, Toxicity, Health Effects, Sustainability, and Environmental Impact","volume":"16","author":"Garud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desaeger, J., Wram, C., and Zasada, I. (2020). New reduced-risk agricultural nematicides\u2014Rationale and review. J. Nematol., 52.","DOI":"10.21307\/jofnem-2020-091"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasanelli, N., Konrat, A., Migunova, V., Toderas, I., Iurcu, S., Rusu, S., Bivol, A., Andoni, C., and Veronico, P. (2021). Review on Control Methods against Plant Parasitic Nematodes Applied in Southern Member States (C Zone) of the European Union. Agriculture, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11070602"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"133","article-title":"Exploiting the benefits of mixed cropping Exploiting the benefits of mixed cropping and crop rotation using biotechnology for sustainable agriculture","volume":"12","author":"Gururani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hind Agric. Res. Train. Inst."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.28940\/terra.v35i2.166","article-title":"Organic milpa: Yields of maize, beans, and squash in mono and polycropping systems","volume":"35","author":"Ebel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Terra Latinoam."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2012.02.008","article-title":"Biological control of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using bioproducts of microbial origin","volume":"56","author":"Radwan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5423\/PPJ.RW.12.2021.0179","article-title":"A Review of the Potency of Plant Extracts and Compounds from Key Families as an Alternative to Synthetic Nematicides: History, Efficacy, and Current Developments","volume":"38","author":"Mwamula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Pathol. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20210245","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20210245","article-title":"Plant extracts in agriculture and their applications in the treatment of seeds","volume":"52","author":"Carvalho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc. Rural"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"85","article-title":"Antifungal properties in Tagetes species","volume":"34","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Mic."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, S.R.M., Omar, A.M., Bagalagel, A.A., Diri, R.M., Noor, A.O., Almasri, D.M., and Mohamed SGAy Mohamed, G.A. (2022). Thiophenes\u2014Naturally Occurring Plant Metabolites: Biological Activities and In Silico Evaluation of Their Potential as Cathepsin D Inhibitors. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11040539"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"357","article-title":"Evaluation of plants with nematicidal properties in the control of Xiphinema index on table grapes cv. Thompson Seedless in the central zone of Chile","volume":"62","author":"Aballay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Agric. T\u00e9c."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"28","article-title":"Efecto de extractos cet\u00f3nicos de higuerilla (Ricinus communis Linneo.) sobre el nematodo barrenador [Radopholus similis (cobb.) Thorne] en condiciones In Vitro","volume":"35","author":"Arboleda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Luna Azul"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"25","article-title":"Ricinus communis linn: A phytopharmacological review","volume":"4","author":"Jena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2005.01009.x","article-title":"Nematode-specific PCR primers for the 18S small subunit rRNA 720 gene","volume":"5","author":"Floyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5455\/jabet.2020.d134","article-title":"Molecular identification of four medicinal plants using DNA barcoding approach from 722 Chittagong, Bangladesh","volume":"3","author":"Amin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Biotechnol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2019.11.036","article-title":"Molecular identification of herbal species belonging to genus Piper within family Piperaceae 724 from northern Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"32","author":"Mahboob","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-010-0285-4","article-title":"Toxicity assessment using Lactuca sativa L. bioassay of the metal(loid)s As, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in soluble-in-water saturated soil extracts from an abandoned mining site","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Soils Sedim."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"307","article-title":"Seed germination and root elongation test of Lactuca sativa for biomonitoring water quality of the Chalma river","volume":"30","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Duarte, L. (2020). Determinaci\u00f3n de la Actividad Antibacteriana y Fitotoxicidad de los Aceites Esenciales de An\u00eds (Pimpinella anisum) y Romero (Rosmarinus officinalis). [Bachelor\u2019s Thesis, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s]."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Koul, O. (2023). Essential oil-based nanoinsecticides: Ecological costs and commercial potential. Chapter 17. Development and Commercialization of Biopesticides, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"118","article-title":"Phytotoxicity of plant extracts on seed germination and initial development of mono and dicotyledonous plants","volume":"12","author":"Cruz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Espac. I+D Innovaci\u00f3n M\u00e1s Desarro."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Pang, W., Zhang, L., Wen, Z., Zhao, Y., Sun, J., Wang, Z.Y., and Yang, C. (2022). Effects of autotoxicity and allelopathy on seed germination and seedling growth in Medicago truncatula. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.908426"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14110","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha52414110","article-title":"Inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of Coix lacryma-jobi L. in leachate prepared from rhizosphere soil under different continuous cropping years and concentrations","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"51","article-title":"Ricina: Una fitotoxina de uso potencial como arma","volume":"21","author":"Pita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Taylor, A.L., and Sasser, J.N. (1978). Biology, Identification, and Control of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"78","article-title":"Efecto de la temperatura del suelo sobre la planta","volume":"24","author":"Fischer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Comalfi"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Monroy Liebre, L.B. (2023). Extraccion de Antioxidantes Provenientes de la Flor de Cempas\u00fachil (Tagetes erecta) Para su Aplicaci\u00f3n en una Margarina. [Bachelor\u2019s Thesis, National Autonomous University of Mexico]. Available online: https:\/\/ru.dgb.unam.mx\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/f1771f8b-be9f-4dc6-905a-626c80995c44\/content."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-018-3183-4","article-title":"Borage, calendula, cosmos, Johnny Jump up, and pansy flowers: Volatiles, bioactive compounds, and sensory perception","volume":"245","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-008-0086-8","article-title":"Antioxidative and antigenotoxic activity of extracts from cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) flowers","volume":"63","author":"Jang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"e840","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract of Ricinus communis L. (Higuerilla)","volume":"55","author":"Alvarado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Cuba. Farm."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"36","article-title":"Determination of ellagic acid in native plants from the mexican semi-desert","volume":"44","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Cienc. Farm."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allemailem, K.S., Almatroudi, A., Alharbi, H.O.A., AlSuhaymi, N., Alsugoor, M.H., Aldakheel, F.M., Khan, A.A., and Rahmani, A.H. (2024). Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061353"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19032819","article-title":"New thiopheno and flavonoid from Tegetes minuta leaves growing in Saudi Arabia","volume":"19","author":"Mohamed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1667","article-title":"Benzoic acid: Biosynthesis, modification and function in plants","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agr\u00edc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, F.Y., Sang, L.X., and Jiang, M. (2017). Catechins and Their Therapeutic Benefits to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22030484"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cafaro, V., Testa, G., and Patan\u00e8, C. (2025). Castor: A Renewed Oil Crop for the Mediterranean Environment. Agronomy, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15061402"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"SIAP (2026, April 20). Servicio de Informaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera, Available online: https:\/\/nube.agricultura.gob.mx\/cierre_agricola\/."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subbotin, S., and Chitambar, J. (2018). Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Management Strategies of Major Crops in Mexico. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture of North America, Springer. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99585-4"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"93","article-title":"Characterization of mexican isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (Goddard) Gams and Zare for biological control of Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne) Thorne and Allen","volume":"26","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Fitopatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lax, P., Passone, M.A., Becerra, A.G., Sosa, A.L., Cianco, A., Finetti-Sialer, M.M., and Rosso, L.C. (2022). Sustainable strategies for management of the \"false root-Knot nematode Nacobbus spp. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1046315"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220013","DOI":"10.2478\/jofnem-2022-0013","article-title":"Temperature effects on development of Meloidogyne enterolobii and M floridensis","volume":"54","author":"Velloso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nematol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.17221\/75\/2024-PPS","article-title":"Phytochemical profile of stem extract of Carthamus oxycantha and identification of herbicidal and antimicrobial constituents","volume":"61","author":"Muhammad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Prot. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"618","article-title":"Marigold (Tagetes spp.): A Diverse Crop with Multipurpose Value for Health and Environment: A Review","volume":"45","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.57182\/jbiopestic.5.0.106-110","article-title":"Evaluation of some plant extracts for their nematicidal properties against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita","volume":"5","author":"Pavaraj","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biopestic."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.22271\/j.ento.2022.v10.i2a.8963","article-title":"Effect of hexane, acetone and metanol extracts of Plectranthus glandulosus on the mortality of the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus zeamais","volume":"10","author":"Dessenbe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C.C., Tsakris, Z., Rozos, G., Tsigalou, C., and Bezirtzoglou, E. (2022). Interactions between Medical Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds:Focus on Antimicrobial Combination Effects. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081014"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NP00011A","article-title":"Synergy and antagonism in natural product extracts: When 1 + 1 does not equal 2","volume":"36","author":"Caesar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-019-01691-6","article-title":"Ricin and Ricinus communis in pharmacology and toxicology from ancient use and \u201cPapyrus Ebers\u201d to modern perspectives and \u201cpoisonous plant of the year 2018\u201d","volume":"392","author":"Franke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.01.003","article-title":"Quantification of ricin, RCA and comparison of enzymatic activity in 18 Ricinus communis cultivars by isotope dilution mass spectrometry","volume":"95","author":"Schieltz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.07.010","article-title":"Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review","volume":"91","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"170","article-title":"Multifarious Uses of castor (Ricinus communis L.)","volume":"4","author":"Ramanjaneyulu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Econ. Plants"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15033","article-title":"2018, Host lignin composition affects haustorium induction in the parasitic plants Phtheirospermum japonicum and Striga hermonthica","volume":"218","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramadan Hassanien, M.F. (2022). Bioactive Phytochemicals from Castor (Ricinus communis Linneo) Seed Oil Processing By-products. Bioactive Phytochemicals from Vegetable Oil and Oilseed Processing By-Products, Springer. Reference Series in Phytochemistry.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-91381-6"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"2165","article-title":"First report of Meloidogyne enterolobii infesting tomato in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico","volume":"11","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agr\u00edc."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eda-L\u00f3pez, K.J., Contreras-Montejo, T.-L., and Medina-Arroyave, J.D. (2017). Dise\u00f1o del Proceso de Extracci\u00f3n de Aceite de Higuerrilla en la Palma, Universidad EAFIT. Available online: https:\/\/repository.eafit.edu.co\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/35b93e35-2931-46ee-a079-7d860580a7a4\/content."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rafiq, M., Javaid, A., Kanwal, A., Anwar, A., Khan, I.H., Kanwal, Q., and Cheng, C. (2024). GC-MS analysis and antifungal potential of flower extract of Acacia nilotica subsp. Indica against Macrophomina phaseolina. Microb. Pathog., 194.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106819"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"S32","article-title":"M\u00e9todos de extracci\u00f3n de nematodos fitopat\u00f3genos","volume":"32","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Fitopatol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"101115","article-title":"Early detection of the false root knot nematode (Nacobbus aberrans) infection in greenhouse cultivated tomatoes by infrared spectroscopy","volume":"16","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-007-9207-8","article-title":"Evaluation of nematicidal properties of saponins from Medicago spp","volume":"120","author":"Argentieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.115756","article-title":"Adaptation of the Folin-Ciocalteu and Fast Blue BB spectrophotometric methods to digital image analysis for the determination of total phenolic content: Reduction of reaction time, interferences and sample analysis","volume":"193","author":"Bordagaray","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4103\/pr.pr_143_16","article-title":"Spectrophotometric Quantification of Flavonoids in Herbal Material, Crude Extract, and Fractions from Leaves of Eugenia uniflora Linn","volume":"9","author":"Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/12\/1872\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:49:08Z","timestamp":1781664548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/15\/12\/1872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["plants15121872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants15121872","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]}}}