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Our study proposes an integrative framework to assess Metarhizium\u2013Bradyrhizobium interactions in soybean (Glycine max), combining laboratory compatibility screening with greenhouse assessment. First, Metarhizium anisopliae LCM S04 and Metarhizium brunneum LCM S11 were tested against Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens BR 85 (=SEMIA 5080) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum BR 86 (=SEMIA 5079) using dual-culture assays in a medium that supported the growth of both fungal and bacterial partners, allowing direct evaluation of intermicrobial compatibility. Subsequently, the microorganisms were evaluated in soybean under greenhouse conditions through direct seed inoculation. Each seed received bacterial culture, fungal suspension, or both (including absolute and nitrogen-fertilized controls). Plants were maintained under controlled conditions for 47 days. Plant height, leaf production, branching, nodulation, biomass, and root morphology were assessed. No inhibition zones were observed in vitro, and co-inoculation did not impair nodulation. The combination BR 86 + LCM S04 improved fine root number in soybean. This framework provides a reproducible approach for evaluating microbial compatibility and functional bioinput benefits and can be adapted to crops other than soybean.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15142141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:28:27Z","timestamp":1783927707000},"page":"2141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Methodological Framework to Evaluate Entomopathogenic Fungi and Rhizobial Co-Inoculation Effects on Plant Growth and Root Morphology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4718-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamiris dos Santos","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Health and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4263-1332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7195-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana da Rocha","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6909-2925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Almeida","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Health and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4095-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeu Augusto van Tol de","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-3847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s Calder\u00edn","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8300-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Luiz Lopes","family":"Monteiro Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science, Agronomy Institute, Federal University of Roraima, BR 174, Km 12, s\/n\u2014Zona Rural, Boa Vista 69310-000, RR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Cavalcanti","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23891-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerri \u00c9dson","family":"Zilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23891-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabele da Costa","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8712-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendell Marcelo de Souza","family":"Perinotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, Serop\u00e9dica 23897-035, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8473-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia Rita Elias Pinheiro","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 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