{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:03:12Z","timestamp":1784782992814,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024A1515012709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515012709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In subtropical double-rice regions, replacing early-season rice with tobacco may alter the soil environment inherited by subsequent paddy cultivation. We conducted a one-year field experiment in 2023 to compare rice\u2013rice (RR) and tobacco\u2013rice (TR) pathways. Soils from the 0\u201310 and 10\u201320 cm layers were sampled during the early-season pathway-differentiation period and the late-season rice-growing period, and soil properties, bacterial 16S rRNA communities, predicted functional profiles, and rice agronomic traits were analyzed. Relative to RR, TR was associated with 4.12% lower grain yield but 5.10% higher 1000-grain weight and 23.74% higher aboveground dry matter, indicating altered yield formation rather than uniform growth suppression. TR was also associated with lower soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP). Bacterial communities differed between pathways, with stronger Chloroflexi\/Actinobacteriota and 16S-predicted aerobic, stress-tolerant, and chemoheterotrophic signals under TR. Together, these findings indicate that early TR was associated with lower measured C-, N-, and P-related soil pools, bacterial community reorganization, and altered late-season rice yield formation; therefore, nutrient and residue management should be planned across the tobacco\u2013rice year rather than only during the rice season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15142230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:17:52Z","timestamp":1784647072000},"page":"2230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is Early Tobacco\u2013Rice Rotation Associated with Soil Nutrient Legacy and Shifts in Bacterial Ecological Potential in a Subtropical Paddy System?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5131-1175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang-Bin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Yu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Jun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Yu-Xin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Ying","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66823-4","article-title":"Crop rotation differentially increases soil bacterial and fungal diversities in global croplands: A meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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