{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:46:54Z","timestamp":1785844014251,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KOLFACI"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial inoculants such as Trichoderma have been proposed as sustainable tools to improve seedling quality in coffee nurseries; however, their effectiveness may vary according to formulation and genotype. This study evaluated three treatments: a solid Trichoderma formulation (1 kg m\u22123 of substrate) based on a multispecies consortium (T. harzianum, T. asperellum, and T. viride; 5 \u00d7 109 conidia g\u22121), a liquid formulation of T. harzianum (1 \u00d7 108 CFU mL\u22121; 1 L m\u22123 of substrate), and a non-inoculated control, using three Coffea arabica varieties (Catimor, Marsellesa, and Gran Colombia) under controlled nursery conditions. A linear mixed model was applied, considering variety and inoculant type as fixed effects and replicates as random effects. The results show that the biostimulant response is strongly modulated by the variety \u00d7 inoculant interaction. The solid formulation was superior in promoting the expansion of the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing leaf area by 24.6%. In turn, the liquid formulation optimized structural vigor, increasing stem diameter by 17.3% and reducing slenderness by 13.1%. Inoculation reduced the lignification index by 10.4%, favoring dynamic vegetative growth. These improvements were integrated into the Dickson Quality Index, which reached values of 0.41\u20130.70, greatly exceeding the critical threshold of 0.20 for medium- to high-quality seedlings. It is concluded that Trichoderma acts as a physiological compensator that harmonizes plant architecture, although its efficacy depends on specific compatibility with the genotype, which is essential for ensuring the successful establishment of coffee plants under field conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15152390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:38:08Z","timestamp":1785839888000},"page":"2390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inoculation with Trichoderma in Coffea arabica Seedlings: Effects on Morphological Indices and Seedling Quality Under Nursery Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alina Alexandra","family":"Camacho-Villalobos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agraria Pucallpa-Ucayali, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, Instituto Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n Agraria (INIA), Pucallpa 25000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Paulo","family":"Amaringo-C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agraria Pucallpa-Ucayali, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, Instituto Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n Agraria (INIA), Pucallpa 25000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8272-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Mildred","family":"Uca\u00f1ay-Ayllon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agraria Pucallpa-Ucayali, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, Instituto Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n Agraria (INIA), Pucallpa 25000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8926-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelito","family":"Salgado-Veramendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agraria Pucallpa-Ucayali, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, Instituto Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n Agraria (INIA), Pucallpa 25000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhoffre David","family":"Flores-Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agraria Pucallpa-Ucayali, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, Instituto Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n Agraria (INIA), Pucallpa 25000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uriel","family":"Aldava-Pardave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agraria Pucallpa-Ucayali, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, Instituto Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n Agraria (INIA), Pucallpa 25000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Quality of Coffea Arabica Seedlings Produced in Different Nurseries in Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Barreto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. 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