{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:28:06Z","timestamp":1786116486595,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National key research and development project","award":["2023YFD2300102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2300102"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-04"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003851","name":"Heilongjiang Province College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202310223044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310223044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008828","name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Graduate Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YJSCX2025-KJQN10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJSCX2025-KJQN10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Saline\u2013alkali stress is a widespread abiotic stress that severely impairs crop growth and yield formation. Iron Chlorin e6 (ICe6), a novel plant growth regulator, is essentially a chlorophyll derivative, and possesses potential application value in regulating plant chlorophyll metabolism and improving plant stress resistance. In this study, the saline\u2013alkali-sensitive soybean cultivar Henong 95 and saline\u2013alkali-tolerant soybean cultivar Hefeng 50 were used as experimental materials, and foliar spraying with 120 nmol\/L ICe6 was conducted at the R1 stage. The results indicated that relative to CK, SA treatment markedly inhibited soybean growth, accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and significantly lowered photosynthetic pigment content. Carbohydrate accumulation was substantially suppressed, which ultimately resulted in yield reduction (HN95: \u221212.31%; HF50: \u221211.08%). ICe6 treatment mitigated saline\u2013alkali-induced growth inhibition in soybean plants, as reflected by markedly restored antioxidant indices, sharply decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and O2\u2212 levels, and notably increased leaf area (HN95: +49.72%; HF50: +19.82%) and chlorophyll content (HN95: +36.06%; HF50: +90.75%). Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling showed that, relative to the SA control, ICe6 treatment led to the identification of 2896 DEGs in HN95 and 3530 DEGs in HF50, with significant enrichment in photosynthesis- and chlorophyll metabolism-related pathways, e.g., GO:0009765 (photosynthesis, light harvesting). Differential metabolites were chiefly enriched in isoflavonoid biosynthesis\u2014a source of antioxidants\u2014and amino acid biosynthesis, which governs chlorophyll precursor synthesis. These findings suggest that ICe6 may enhance chlorophyll content by modulating the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism, contributing to light capture and chlorophyll biosynthesis, facilitating carbohydrate accumulation and ultimately contributing to increased yield under saline\u2013alkali stress (HN95: +5.74%; HF50: +5.83%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15152411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T09:46:38Z","timestamp":1786009598000},"page":"2411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron Chlorin e6 Improves Soybean Yield by Maintaining Chlorophyll Stability and Promoting Carbohydrate Accumulation Under Saline\u2013Alkali Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land Improvement Engineering Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9017-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land Improvement Engineering Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Shen, F., Xiao, Y., Fang, H., Qiu, C., Li, W., Wu, T., Xu, X., Wang, Y., and Zhang, X. 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