{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:24:57Z","timestamp":1786973097868,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFAA069196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFAA069196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu","award":["BK20251915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20251915"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QNTD202503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNTD202503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Double-flowered cultivars are generally considered more attractive than single-flowered varieties in ornamental plants. The AP2\/ERF transcription factors superfamily plays pivotal roles in plant development, including floral organ formation. Here, a total of 248 AP2\/ERF genes were identified in the genome of L. speciosa, and these genes were unevenly distributed on the 24 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified LsAP2\/ERF genes into five distinct groups; the ERF subfamily was the largest, whereas the AP2 subfamily was associated with floral development. Gene duplication events contributed to the expansion of LsAP2\/ERF family members, with segmental duplication identified as the primary contributor. Promoter cis-element analysis revealed an abundance of light-responsive and hormone-responsive elements. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that core AP2 subfamily members (LsAP2\/ERF4\/9\/10\/13\/219) exhibited distinct expression patterns during flower bud development. Moreover, heterologous overexpression of LsAP2\/ERF10 in tobacco resulted in transgenic lines with altered petal morphology, supporting its potential functional involvement in floral development. This study provides comprehensive characterization of the AP2\/ERF family in L. speciosa, laying the foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms in floral morphogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15162427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1786324803000},"page":"2427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-Wide Superfamily Profiling Reveals Key Regulator LsAP2\/ERF10 That Governs Petal Morphology in Lagerstroemia speciosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhiting","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Laboratory of Forestry, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Art and Design, Nanning University, Nanning 530200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huitang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8612-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tangchun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"College of Art and Design, Nanning University, Nanning 530200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shu, Y.J., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Song, L.L., and Guo, C.H. 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