{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:41:50Z","timestamp":1790282510864,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agriculture and Science"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qzfn040","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sorghum is a strategic food-security and livestock-feed crop in Africa, and molecular characterization of its germplasm underpins genetic diversity assessment and hybrid parent selection. This study evaluated 106 sorghum accessions (23 A-lines, 28 B-lines, 32 R-lines, and 23 hybrids) from ICRISAT and Seed Co gene banks using 79 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. Genetic diversity, population structure, cluster analysis, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were assessed to support heterotic grouping. Gene diversity ranged from 0.23 in R-lines to 0.32 in hybrids, and polymorphic information content from 0.19 to 0.26, indicating moderate marker discriminatory power. Population structure analysis identified an optimum of K = 3: Cluster 1 comprised paired A- and B-lines forming a putative maintainer pool, Cluster 2 was dominated by R-lines forming a divergent restorer pool, and Cluster 3 formed a second seed-parent subgroup. AMOVA confirmed highly significant differentiation (\u03a6ST = 0.55; p &lt; 0.001), with molecular variance partitioned among the three clusters (44.0%), among individuals within clusters (45.2%), and among breeding-line types (10.8%). These findings provide a genomic framework for assigning sorghum accessions to putative heterotic groups and accelerating hybrid parent selection for climate-resilient sorghum production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15162488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:04:36Z","timestamp":1786961076000},"page":"2488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SNP-Based KASP Markers Reveal Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Among African Sorghum Breeding Lines and Hybrids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Caleb Mugove","family":"Souta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science (CAES), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"},{"name":"Seed Co., Ltd., Rattray Arnold Research Station, Chisipite, Harare P.O. Box CH142, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zamalotshwa Goodness","family":"Thungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science (CAES), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2934-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Sibiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science (CAES), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pangirayi","family":"Tongooona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science (CAES), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meluleki","family":"Zikhali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seed Co., Ltd., Rattray Arnold Research Station, Chisipite, Harare P.O. Box CH142, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mwamahonje, A., Mdindikasi, Z., Mchau, D., Mwenda, E., Sanga, D., Garcia-Oliveira, A.L., and Ojiewo, C.O. (2024). Advances in Sorghum Improvement for Climate Resilience in the Global Arid and Semi-Arid Tropics: A Review. Agronomy, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14123025"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.H., Upadhyaya, H.D., and Dweikat, I. (2016). Sorghum. 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