{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:23:59Z","timestamp":1787131439401,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan","award":["20240601090RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240601090RC"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010211","name":"Project of The Education Department of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. JJKH20251045KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. JJKH20251045KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aronia melanocarpa contains abundant phenolic compounds, including procyanidins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids, but its pronounced astringency limits its broader use in food applications. Catechol and other oxygen-donor motifs in plant phenolics are known to associate with Fe3+ and can support metal\u2013phenolic assembly. In this study, ultrasound-assisted cellulase\u2013pectinase extraction was used to recover an A. melanocarpa polyphenol extract, which was subsequently combined with Fe3+ to construct a plant-derived hair dye coating on keratin fibers. Under optimized extraction conditions, the total phenolic yield reached 82.315 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)\/g dry fruit. A limited targeted LC\u2013MS\/MS panel was used to evaluate 12 selected non-anthocyanin phenolic analytes, including procyanidin dimers, a flavan-3-ol, flavonols, and phenolic acids; the contribution of the pH-sensitive anthocyanin fraction was not resolved. Among the tested metal ions, Fe3+ produced the strongest chromogenic response. The optimized L-cysteine pretreatment\u2013Fe3+ mordanting\u2013polyphenol dyeing sequence produced a \u0394E* of 55.42. Adsorption experiments empirically described the uptake behavior of the polyphenol extract, whereas complementary surface, spectroscopic, elemental, diffraction, thermal, and wettability analyses were consistent with the presence of a relatively uniform Fe-containing polyphenol coating at the hair fiber interface. Neither the adsorption-model fits nor the individual characterization techniques uniquely resolved the underlying molecular mechanism. Preliminary HET-CAM, single-exposure dermal, and acute eye irritation assessments showed no obvious acute irritation under the tested conditions. An exploratory image-based analysis examined whether standardized hair tress photographs could approximate a predefined colorimetric score. Because only 30 independent original samples were available and no external validation was performed, this analysis was treated solely as a proof of concept. This laboratory proof-of-concept extends established Fe3+\u2013polyphenol assembly chemistry to a compositionally complex A. melanocarpa extract for hair fiber coloration. Further work is required to clarify anthocyanin behavior, simplify the sequential protocol, and benchmark its performance against representative commercial hair dyes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15162500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:12:11Z","timestamp":1787069531000},"page":"2500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fe3+-Mediated Interfacial Polyphenol Coatings on Hair Fibers Using an Aronia melanocarpa Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Su","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudi","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Qiuzhiyuan Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Lishu County, Siping 136000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6477-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"},{"name":"Institute of Innovation Science and Technology, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.01.018","article-title":"The use of personal hair dye and its implications for human health","volume":"89\u201390","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. 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