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This study evaluated the effects of NaCl-induced salinity (0, 40, and 80 mM) on the growth, photosynthetic performance, pigment content, and vascular anatomy of E. foetidum cultivated in vitro. After 45 days, salinity significantly reduced shoot and root length, leaf number, chlorophyll fluorescence, net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, carboxylation efficiency, and the contents of chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids, with the strongest effects observed at 80 mM NaCl. In contrast, leaf area, biomass accumulation, specific leaf area, and intrinsic water-use efficiency were not significantly affected. Qualitative anatomical observations indicated apparent modifications in vascular organization under saline conditions, including narrower xylem vessels and phloem disorganization. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that salinity primarily impairs photosynthetic performance and vegetative growth while inducing morphological, physiological, and apparent anatomical responses in E. foetidum cultivated in vitro. This study provides the first integrated characterization of the responses of E. foetidum to in vitro salt stress, establishing a foundation for future investigations into the physiological mechanisms underlying salinity responses in this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15162522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:57:53Z","timestamp":1787230673000},"page":"2522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphophysiological and Anatomical Responses of Culantro (Eryngium foetidum) to In Vitro Salinity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haylson Rodrigues de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura de Tecidos, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. Louren\u00e7o Vieira da Silva, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0805-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane Maciel","family":"Henschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura de Tecidos, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. Louren\u00e7o Vieira da Silva, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlyara Reis","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura de Tecidos, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. Louren\u00e7o Vieira da Silva, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio Heitor Sousa","family":"Felipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura de Tecidos, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. Louren\u00e7o Vieira da Silva, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, MA, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz\u00f4nia (UFRA), Campus Capit\u00e3o Po\u00e7o, Capit\u00e3o Po\u00e7o 68650-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago Massi","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura de Tecidos, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. Louren\u00e7o Vieira da Silva, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1781-3695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio de Oliveira","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura de Tecidos, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. Louren\u00e7o Vieira da Silva, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6904-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura de Tecidos, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. 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