{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:25:13Z","timestamp":1787246713265,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Major Science and Technology Projects: Screening of Resistant Varieties of Oilseed Crops and R&D and Integrated Demonstration of Green Yield and Efficiency Technology","award":["2022A02008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A02008"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianchi Talent Program Project","award":["6660184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6660184"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soybean production commonly faces challenges including severe pod abscission, incomplete seed filling, and uncoordinated source\u2013sink relationships that limit yield potential. Plant growth regulator application may influence source\u2013sink relationships and thereby affect soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield formation. This three-year field study (2023\u20132025) evaluated the effects of four spray programs on soybean yield, quality, total above-ground biomass partitioning, and endogenous hormone dynamics under Xinjiang\u2019s irrigated production conditions. The four treatments were an untreated control (CK), naphthaleneacetic acid alone (NAA; 300 g ha\u22121), naphthaleneacetic acid plus prohexadione-calcium (NPC; 300 + 450 g ha\u22121), and naphthaleneacetic acid plus prohexadione-calcium and iron chlorin e6 (NCE; 300 + 450 + 45 g ha\u22121). The spray programs were applied at the fourth-trifoliolate and full-pod stages. Results showed that NCE treatment consistently produced the greatest yield increases (13.1\u201314.4%) compared with the control. This response was associated with greater middle-node pod retention, increased 100-seed weight (3.6\u20136.4%), and improved reproductive organ biomass allocation (44.7\u201353.3% at maturity vs. 40.9\u201345.7% in controls). NCE significantly elevated leaf trans-zeatin content (37.1\u201391.9%) within 24 h after application and improved seed protein concentration by up to 11.2%, while seed residues of all applied compounds remained well below safety thresholds (&lt;0.05 mg kg\u22121). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between trans-zeatin levels and both reproductive biomass allocation (r = 0.74\u20130.90, p &lt; 0.01) and grain yield (r = 0.86\u20130.96, p &lt; 0.01). These findings indicate that NCE was the best-performing of the four tested spray programs under Xinjiang\u2019s irrigated production conditions, although the individual contributions and possible interactions of the three compounds require further factorial evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15162528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:05:19Z","timestamp":1787241919000},"page":"2528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agronomic, Hormonal, and Seed Quality Responses of Soybeans to Four Spray Treatment Regimes Under Irrigated Conditions in Xinjiang: A Three-Year Field Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8360-3703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulisumuayi","family":"Maimaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinna","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2025.109956","article-title":"Genetic yield improvements and associated physiological and agronomic traits in soybean cultivars released from 1940 to 2021 in Northeast China","volume":"328","author":"Waqar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Field Crop. 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