{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:18:52Z","timestamp":1787649532844,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Educational of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["BR28712367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR28712367"]}]},{"award":["BR28712367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR28712367"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rubus saxatilis L. (Rosaceae) is used in traditional medicine in Central Kazakhstan, yet the effect of the extraction method on its phenolic profile and biological activity has not been studied systematically. Three extracts were compared: two prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction differing only in solvent\u2014water (WE) and 50% ethanol (UAE)\u2014and one by microwave-assisted extraction with 50% ethanol (MAE), allowing the effect of solvent (WE vs. UAE) and of extraction technique (UAE vs. MAE) to be assessed separately. Phenolic composition was determined by HPLC-UV-ESI-MS; antioxidant activity in vitro; cytotoxicity for Artemia salina; and antigenotoxic effects using Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 lux-biosensors (pKatG::lux, pSoxS::lux, pColD::lux) and Drosophila melanogaster models. Four phenolics were identified, with gallic acid dominant in the UAE and MAE extracts and hyperoside predominant in WE, while rutin was not detected in WE. MAE showed the strongest radical-scavenging activity (DPPH, IC50 = 7.44 \u00b5g\/mL), whereas WE had the highest reducing power (FRAP, EC50 = 52.97 \u00b5g\/mL). All extracts were non-toxic for A. salina and induced neither oxidative stress nor the SOS response; instead, they attenuated dioxidine-induced SOS signalling by up to 57%, suggesting an antigenotoxic (DNA-protective) effect at the bacterial level. In Drosophila, extracts produced moderate extract-dependent genotoxicity: the lowest damage was observed for MAE. The extraction method governs the phenolic profile and biological activity of R. saxatilis, with MAE being most favorable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15172568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:20:02Z","timestamp":1787563202000},"page":"2568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Effect of Extraction Techniques on the Phenolic Content and Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Activities of Rubus saxatilis L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4469-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aknur","family":"Orazbay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Geography, Karaganda National Research University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0904-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assel","family":"Zhumina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Geography, Karaganda National Research University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Ishmuratova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Geography, Karaganda National Research University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayane","family":"Atazhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Geography, Karaganda National Research University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street 40, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yana","family":"Levaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Geography, Karaganda National Research University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street 40, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8636-6828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serikbai","family":"Abilev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117971, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3902-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Antosyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity and Bioecology, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2130-2792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Verbitskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Introduction of Herbaceous Plants, Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Street 202a, Yekaterinburg 620144, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudrapal, M., Khairnar, S.J., Khan, J., Dukhyil, A.B., Ansari, M.A., Alomary, M.N., Alshabrmi, F.M., Palai, S., Deb, P.K., and Devi, R. (2022). Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: Insights Into Protective Effects, Antioxidant Potentials and Mechanism(s) of Action. Front. 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