{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:31:36Z","timestamp":1787671896527,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Techhnology Program of Changchun","award":["2024CNZ02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CNZ02"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province","award":["JJKH20230399KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20230399KJ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In Northeast China\u2019s cold rice (Mollisol) regions, low temperatures slow straw decomposition, causing early microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization that competes with crop demand. Delayed N release from slow-release fertilizer (SRF) exacerbates this deficit, hindering high yield and grain quality. Methods: A two-year (2024\u20132025) pool planting experiment was conducted on rice \u2018Jinongda 667\u2019 with a total N application rate of 150 kg ha\u22121. Six treatments were established: a 7:3 blend of slow-release fertilizer and urea, alongside controls of conventional urea and slow-release fertilizer alone, under both straw removal and incorporation conditions. Results: This blend increased grain yield by 6.64\u20137.75% over conventional urea, achieving the highest yield among all treatments, whereas SRF alone under straw incorporation reduced yield by 7.57% relative to N + S. The 30% urea (45 kg N ha\u22121) alleviated immobilization deficit (15\u201330 kg N ha\u22121) during the tillering-to-jointing stage, promoting root growth and panicle formation, while 70% SRF sustained N supply during mid-to-late stages, delaying senescence and enhancing photosynthesis. At peak grain filling, SSS and SBE activities increased by 94.01% and 10.53\u201311.08%, respectively. Under straw incorporation, it reduced chalky grain rate by 4.56\u201335.55% and chalkiness by 1.77\u201341.86%, increased protein content by 0.47\u20136.95% and gel consistency by 43.59\u201352.99%, decreased amylose by 2.2\u20135.77%, and optimized RVA profiles. Conclusions: The 7:3 blend synchronizes N supply with crop demand through temporal complementarity with straw nutrient dynamics, offering a one-time fertilization strategy for achieving high yield and quality under straw incorporation. However, given inter-annual variation (2024\u20132025) in tillering and N accumulation, its performance may be sensitive to climatic fluctuations, warranting further validation under diverse conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15172591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1787670067000},"page":"2591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Enhancement of Rice Yield and Quality by Combined Slow-Release Fertilizer and Urea Under Straw Incorporation Through Optimized Grain Filling and Starch Biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University\/Jilin Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University\/Jilin Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University\/Jilin Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4819-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zichen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University\/Jilin Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University\/Jilin Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University\/Jilin Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University\/Jilin Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Zhang, J., Qiao, S., Zhu, C., Zhou, Y., and Xu, K. 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