{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:19:13Z","timestamp":1787822353533,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["326MS0229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["326MS0229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010834","name":"Education Department of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hnky2026ZD-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hnky2026ZD-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Hnky2026ZD-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hnky2026ZD-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026meb765","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Earmarked Fund for HNARS","award":["HNARS-05-G05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNARS-05-G05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica\u00a0campestris ssp. chinensis) is an economically important leafy vegetable whose quality and yield are severely constrained by high temperature. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key stress hormone, and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is the rate-limiting enzyme of its biosynthesis; however, the function of NCED in the thermotolerance of this crop remains unclear. In this study, the heat-tolerance candidate gene BcNCED3 was functionally characterized in non-heading Chinese cabbage using bioinformatics, subcellular localization, expression profiling, exogenous ABA treatment, genetic transformation, and CRISPR\/Cas12a editing. BcNCED3 has an intronless 1797 bp open reading frame encoding a 598-amino-acid hydrophilic protein with a conserved RPE65 domain, is localized to the chloroplast, and is highly conserved across Brassicaceae. Its transcript was strongly induced under 40 \u00b0C heat stress, with reaching markedly higher transcript abundance at 6 h in the heat-tolerant cultivar \u2018Suzhou Qing\u2019 than in the heat-sensitive \u2018Aijiaohuang\u2019. Exogenous ABA (10 \u00b5M) pretreatment alleviated heat injury, increased endogenous ABA content by 1.8-fold, upregulated heat-responsive genes (BcHSFA1, BcHSFA2, BcHSP101, BcDREB2A, BcMBF1c and BcGolS1) by 1.5- to 3.2-fold, enhanced POD, SOD, and CAT activities by 25\u201340%, and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation by 32%. BcNCED3-overexpressing plants with 12- to 30-fold increased expression reproduced these responses, whereas Cas12a knockout plants exhibited heat hypersensitivity. These results demonstrate that BcNCED3 positively regulates thermotolerance in non-heading Chinese cabbage and provide a genetic resource for heat-tolerance breeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15172613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1787817747000},"page":"2613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Analysis of the Heat-Tolerance Candidate Gene BcNCED3 in Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6426-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaokun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vegetable Research Institute, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215155, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3543-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaolong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhac123","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhac123","article-title":"The reference genome and full-length transcriptome of pakchoi provide insights into cuticle formation and heat adaption","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hortic. 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